Remerciez-le!

Remerciez @Admin pour avoir partagé cet document gratuitement, de la manière la plus simple, en partageant sur les réseaux sociaux.

The solution to the proto indo european

THE SOLUTION TO THE PROTO -INDO -EUROPEAN LARYNGEAL PROBLEM THE GLOTTAL FRICATIVE THEORY OF HITTITE ?? PIE h ABSTRACT This paper honours BED ICH HROZN? ? s discovery of the Indo- European character of Hittite by dedicating the solution to the Proto-Indo- European laryngeal problem to him i Proto-Indo-European had a single laryngeal ZGUSTA a glottal fricative SZÉMERENYI with voiceless and voiced variants PIE h PYYSALO SPIE ii The proto-language also had a vowel PIE A not identical with Hitt versus KURY ?OWICZ but a low open back unrounded vowel iii PIE h and always appeared together in diphonemic pairs PIE h h strict phonotactic selection iv These hypotheses su ?ce to solve the problems of the entire segmental IndoEuropean sound law system completely revised in SPIE The outcome is internally and externally consistent and surpasses the earlier models in accuracy v PIE h and constitute the missing link of the proto-sound system and imply the primary Proto-Indo-European phoneme inventory PIE o ? e ? h i i k g l l m m n n p b r r s z t d u u These revisions are now digitally tested and proven with the foma programming language at http pielexicon hum helsinki ? The success rate in generating more than a hundred most ancient Indo-European languages exceeds THE SOLUTION TO THE PIE LARYNGEAL PROBLEM AND ITS CONSEQUENCES A hundred years after HROZN? ? s discovery of the Indo-European origin of Hittite this article presents the solution to the Proto-Indo-European laryngeal problem implied by the comparative method and outlines the primary Proto-Indo-European phoneme inventory and the revised Indo-European sound laws which consistently generate the Indo-European data in a valid sound and complete system Indo-European linguistics has produced four schools of reconstruction the Paleogrammarians the Neogrammarians the laryngeal theory and monolaryngealism In SPIE it is shown that all theories contain correct and incorrect Due to the space limit only the most vital features are presented here and the reader should consult SPIE for the full discussion and details Csolutions absent from others SPIE pragmatically compiles a revised glottal fricative theory GFT on the chassis of all the correct or correctable solutions ? The nine Neogrammarian correspondence sets for vowels including ? schwa-loss ? the single H monolaryngealism and the colouring rules for h are combined into the comparative solution to the problem of H and the vowel system ? The Neogrammarian Sanskrito-centric reconstruction of the PIE sonorant system is replaced with VERNER ? s comparative one as detailed in ? ? With regard to the four series T Th D Dh the tenues are taken as primary The tenues aspiratae are segmented à la SAUSSURE and KURY ?OWICZ adding The mediae are dealt with using MAGNUSSON and MEILLET ? s root constraint and PYYSALO for roots D with a single stop The mediae aspiratae are analyzed à la CUNY and SZEMERÉNYI as D adding PYYSALO In the centum-satem isogloss the labiovelars and palatovelars are explained as K u u REICHELT