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Guide 2023 05 30T145236 220

CHAPTER Nondestructive Examination and Hydrostatic Testing NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION There are several related terms applied to Code construction that are somewhat imprecisely used These are examination inspection and testing Within the context of Section I examination usually describes activities of the manufacturer inspection refers to what the Authorized Inspector does and testing refers to a variety of activities usually of the manufacturer Some confusion arises from the fact that nondestructive examination NDE includes activities de ?ned as examinations but which are often called tests NDE is an indispensable means of assuring sound construction since when properly used these examinations are capable of discovering hidden aws in material or welds The examinations referenced by Section I in the NDE category are radiographic examination ultrasonic examination magnetic particle examination and liquid penetrant examination also called dye penetrant examination Although not explicitly mentioned in Section I the use of visual inspection is certainly implied and is called out in B for application to the boiler external piping These examinations are often referred to in the industry by the shorthand terms RT radiographic test UT ultrasonic test MT magnetic particle test PT penetrant test and VT visual inspection Section I generally follows the Code practice of referring to Section V Nondestructive Examination for the rules on how to conduct the various examinations but provides its own acceptance standards For example PW- calls for certain welds to be examined in accordance with Article of Section V to the acceptance standard of PW- Similarly PG- Quality Factors for Steel Castings calls for magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination of all surfaces of castings in accordance with Section V but provides acceptance criteria right there in PG- QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF NDE PERSONNEL Personnel performing and evaluating radiographic ultrasonic and other nondestructive examinations are required to be quali ?ed and certi ?ed as examiners in those disciplines in accordance with a written practice of their employer PW- This written practice must be based on either SNT-TC- A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Quali ?cation and Certi ?cation or CP- Standard for Quali ?cation and Certi ?cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel both published by the American Society for C ?? Chapter Nondestructive Testing Note the use of the word testing rather than examination in this title showing again that the industry tends to use these terms interchangeably Both SNT-TC- A and CP- are revised periodically The latest approved editions are found in Table A- The documents establish three categories of examiners depending on experience and training designating them as Level I II or III with Level III being the highest quali ?cation The lowest ranking examiner Level I is quali ?ed to perform NDE following written procedures developed by Level II or Level III personnel A Level I individual can also interpret and accept the results of nondestructive examinations in accordance with written criteria except for RT and UT examinations A Level II individual has su ?cient additional training and experience so that under the direction of a