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Hawking See discussions stats and author pro ?les for this publication at https www researchgate net publication S W Hawking W Israel eds years of gravitation ARTICLE JANUARY READS AUTHOR Klaus Hentschel Universit? t Stuttgart PUBLICATIONS CITATIONS SEE P

See discussions stats and author pro ?les for this publication at https www researchgate net publication S W Hawking W Israel eds years of gravitation ARTICLE JANUARY READS AUTHOR Klaus Hentschel Universit? t Stuttgart PUBLICATIONS CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from Klaus Hentschel Retrieved on February CBibliographie critique S W HAWKING W IsRAEL eds Yean oj Gravitation Cambridge Cambridge University Press xiii pp ?gs tables and bibliographies The lOOth anniversary of Newton's Philosophiae naturalis principilz mathematica is celebrated here with a combination of re ective essays on Newton and his historical impact on the one hand and reviews on recent trends in today's understanding of gravity cosmology and related subjects on the other All authors are leading physicists or astronomers and one of the editors Stephen Hawking might really be looked at as our century's successor of Newton teaching as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge Together with his co-editor he already prepared a comparable volume in and many of the articles in this book can also serve as supplement and update of the earlier status- reports although all of them are self-contained Since this is a review for a history-of-science-journal I have to con ?ne to the historical aspects in this rich volume It is interesting to note that for the history of recent science the review articles wrinen by the pioneer scientists for journals such as Reviews oj Modern Physics are the most valuable source to rely on The large number of active scientists and the enormous number of papers produced by them enforce continual re-search and overview and the resulting reviews then not only serve as guide-line for future research of the practising scientists but also as raw material for the historian of science Most of the essays in this volume also serve this double purpose of systematic and historical orientation Experiments on gravitation are treated in A H Cook's and Cli ?ord M Will's reviews covering the whole temporal range from Cavendish's indirect measurement of the Newtonian constant of gravitation in his 'experiments to determine the density of the earth' to the most recent discussions about Fischbach's reanalysis of the Etitvtis experiments and a possible ?fth shon-range force According to Will the period between and became the period for testing general relativity whereas now the ?ner predictions of relativity and higher-order e ?ects classi ?ed in his 'parametrized post-Newtonian formalism' are under research General Relativity An Einstein Centenary Survey Cambridge Cambridge University Press C Bibliographie aitique In a fascinating essay Werner Israel traces the evolution of the scienti ?c idea 'dark stars' from the earliest speculations by Michdl and Laplace edition of his Systeme Ju monJe to today's analysis of black-holes in terms of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics inspired by Hawking's challenging theorems He demonstrates the sequence of disregard dismay and ?nal beginnings of acceptance afrer the ?rst unexpected spectroscopic results indicating materials times denser than normal matter in the Sirus companion leading to Eddington's specu- lations about the Intmuzl Constitution the Stars and