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Loanwords in romanian pdf 1

Loanwords in Romanian Kim Schulte University of Exeter kschulte ex ac ukThe language and its speakers Romanian also known as Rumanian sometimes also spelt ? Roumanian ? especially until the s belongs to the Romance languages which form a branch of the IndoEuropean language family Among the Romance languages Romanian belongs to the Daco-Romance sub-branch of the Eastern Romance branch There are four distinct Daco-Romance languages all of which are frequently referred to as di ?erent ? dialects ? of Romanian Aromanian c speakers in the Republic of Macedonia Albania northern Greece Serbia and Bulgaria Megleno-Romanian c speakers in northern Greece and the Republic of Macedonia Istro-Romanian c speakers in the Istrian Peninsula in Croatia and Daco-Romanian c million speakers in Romania and Moldova The loanword typology database for Romanian is restricted to the lexicon of Daco-Romanian the language generally referred to as ? Romanian ? in everyday usage Throughout the remainder of this chapter ? Romanian ? will be used as a synonym for ? Daco-Romanian ? Romanian used in all domains from the most informal to the most o ?cial is the o ?cial language of Romania and the adjoining Republic of Moldova Both are located in south- eastern Europe northeast of the Balkan Peninsula in an area including the inner and outer arch of the southern Carpathian Mountains from the lower Danube in the southwest and south of the territory to the river Dniester in the northeast This Romanian-speaking area is surrounded by speakers of non-Romance languages namely Hungarian and several Slavic languages Ukrainian Bulgarian Serbian Beyond the territories of Romania and the Republic of Moldova Romanian has co-o ?cial status in the Vojvodina Province in northern Serbia and speakers of Romanian also live in Ukrainian areas close to the Romanian and Moldovan borders There is a large Romanian diaspora estimated at around million people with concentrations in North America Australia and Israel due to recent emigration there are also Romanian communities of considerable size in Italy and Spain c million in each country Within Romania several historically established minority languages are spoken by the corresponding ethnic groups the most signi ?cant of which are the Hungarians in western and central Transylvania as well as the Romani minority the latter constituting approximately ten percent of the overall population Smaller ethnic groups include Albanians Turks mainly along the Danube in south- eastern Romania Tatars mainly in the Dobrogea region Russian Lipovens in the Danube Delta and speakers of other Slavic languages mainly near the borders with the respective countries Whilst Romanian is the second language for some speakers of these minority languages the majority can be considered to be partly or fully bilingual In the Republic of Moldova the Turkic language Gagauz is spoken by approximately inhabitants of the Province of Gagauzia in the south of the country In Transnistria a breakaway republic east of the river Dniester approximately one third of the population are ethnic Russians and another third are ethnic Ukrainians Within the remaining territory there