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Manzari dafalias 1997 Manzari M T Dafalias Y F Ge? otechnique No A critical state two-surface plasticity model for sands M T M A N Z A R I Ã a n d Y F DA FA L I A S Within the critical state soil mechanics framework the two-surface formulation of plastici

Manzari M T Dafalias Y F Ge? otechnique No A critical state two-surface plasticity model for sands M T M A N Z A R I Ã a n d Y F DA FA L I A S Within the critical state soil mechanics framework the two-surface formulation of plasticity is coupled with the state parameter to construct a constitutive model for sands in a general stress space The operation of the two-surface model takes place in the deviatoric stress-ratio space and the state parameter is used to de ne the peak and dilatancy stress ratios of sand The model is capable of realistically simulating stress strain behaviour of sands under monotonic and cyclic drained and undrained loading conditions It includes features such as the softening of sands at states denser than critical as they dilate in drained loading and softening of sands looser than critical in undrained loading and the pore-water pressure increase under undrained cyclic loading Most important all these simulations are achieved by a unique set of model constants at all densities and con ning pressures of engineering relevance for a given sand The numerical implementation of the model is particularly easy and ef cient due to the very simple formulation Calibration of model constants is done straightforwardly on the basis of triaxial experiments and measurements of well-known characteristics of sand stress strain behaviour Possibly the most attractive feature of the model is its simplicity and its foundation on concepts and data which are well established and understood by the geotechnical engineering community with basic reference to critical state soil mechanics KEYWORDS anisotropy bounding surface critical state plasticity sands state parameter Dans le contexte de la me? canique des sols aÁ l'e? tat critique on combine la formulation de la plasticite? aÁ deux surfaces et le parameÁtre d'e? tat pour construire un modeÁle constitutif pour les sables dans un espace de tension ge? ne? rale L'exploitation du modeÁle aÁ deux surfaces se produit dans l'espace de? viateur des rapports de tension et le parameÁtre d'e? tat sert aÁ de? nir les rapports de pointe et de dilatance des tensions du sable Le modeÁle peut simuler re? alistiquement le comportement tensionade? formation des sables dans des conditions de charge uniformes et cycliques draine? es et non draine? es Il comprend des caracte? ristiques comme l'ameublissement de sables aÁ des e? tats de densite? supe? rieurs aÁ l'e? tat critique quand ils se dilatent dans des conditions de charge draine? es et aÁ des e? tats de densite? infe? rieurs aÁ l'e? tat critique dans des conditions de charge non draine? es ainsi que l'augmentation de la pression interstitielle dans des conditions de charge cyclique non draine? es Plus important encore toutes ces simulations sont re? alise? es aÁ l'aide d'un seul ensemble de constantes de modeÁle pour toutes les densite? s et pressions de con nement utiles pour un sable donne? La mise en oeuvre nume? rique de modeÁle est particulieÁrement facile et ef cace en raison de