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Referencing guide Citing references Advice for students on International Programmes In any piece of research or written work you need to acknowledge or cite your sources of information A list of references usually appears at the end of a piece of work Eac

Citing references Advice for students on International Programmes In any piece of research or written work you need to acknowledge or cite your sources of information A list of references usually appears at the end of a piece of work Each reference describes an item usually published for example a book report or thesis or part of an item a chapter journal article or electronic document The reference will also provide essential details which enable the reader to locate the cited publications with ease A bibliographic reference should at a glance answer a number of questions about the item cited Who wrote it Who published it Where was it published When was it published The importance of references The literature review and the process of compiling a comprehensive list of references about the items you have consulted are both important elements of the research process An incomplete or inaccurate list of references re ects on the quality of your work and may devalue its impact A detailed list of references is used to ? give proper credit to other people ? s work and ideas and to avoid plagiarism ? show that you have consulted widely have recognised and acknowledged the relevant debates arguments and practice in a given ?eld ? substantiate any statement that you make ? signpost others to related works and prior publications ? enable others to check the evidence and accuracy of your information and to consult texts which you have found relevant and useful Plagiarism Referencing your work correctly enables you to avoid plagiarism The term plagiarism describes the act of taking and using another person ? s thoughts words judgements or ideas as your own without any indication that they are those of another person It is a serious academic o ?ence and can result in severe disciplinary action Citation conventions There are recognised conventions for citing the work of others when writing essays and journal articles etc In-text citations are placed at the point within the text at which reference is made to another ? s work and these refer the reader to the reference list sometimes called a bibliography which is usually placed at the end of the essay article Reference list or bibliography The terms reference list and bibliography are sometimes used interchangeably but here we de ?ne bibliography as a list of consulted readings - for example a list of sources that you have studied but have not speci ?cally cited in the text A bibliography is not required for essays By contrast the reference list is de ?ned as a list of cited sources The sources listed in a reference list must match against the in-text citations and similarly the in-text citations must have a matching entry in the reference list Quoting In scienti ?c writing the use of direct quotations is inappropriate whereas in some subject areas in the Humanities or Social Sciences it is a recognised practice To make it clear when you are directly quoting from