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Rao 1 Aditi Rao Annotated Bibliography Mar. 4, 2014 Works Cited Primary Sources

Rao 1 Aditi Rao Annotated Bibliography Mar. 4, 2014 Works Cited Primary Sources Armory. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. <http://www.worldwar1.com/arm006.htm>. This website had lots of primary sources like quotes and photographs that really showed what went on during World War I with the use of chemical warfare. This source was very useful because it included captions to the photographs which helped me understand what was going on in that picture. From here I was able to collect a variety of images, which are included throughout the website. German Ministry of War. "Remarks concerning shells with stupefying gases." Ministry of War Press Report [Berlin] 25 June 1915: 1. Print. This press release from the German war ministry details why Germany felt justified in using chemical weapons. Written in response to France's war ministries' outcry over Ypres, the report essentially claims that chemical warfare is both ethical and supported by the Hague Conventions. For me, it provided great insight into the workings of the German government in their attempts to justify their actions. Haber, Fritz. "Chemistry in war." Journal of Chemical Education 22.11 (1945): 526. Print. This is one of the few found primary sources where Haber details his research and his opinions on war. From this I was able to draw more concrete conclusions and find a few good quotes to use. Rao 2 Haber, Fritz. "Nobel Lecture: The synthesis of ammonia from its elements." 1918 Nobel Prize Ceremony. Nobel Committee. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. 3 June 1920. Speech. Haber’s Nobel speech was helpful in determining how Haber felt about hos other scientific discoveries. It established his confidence in himself as a scientist, but also proved how much people respected his achievements. Haber, Fritz. Thermodynamics of Technical Gas-Reactions. S.l.: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908. Print. Rather than trying to use second hand accounts of Haber's discovery, I used the book he published about it in 1908. In here, I was given a clearer view on his own opinions of his discovery and tis magnitude. Haken, Richard. "Main Page." World War I Document Archive. 22 Feb. 2010. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://wwi.lib.byu.edu>. This World War I document Archive contained many useful documents, which I accessed and used for primary sources. The archive contains most information from documents, pictures, and telegrams I needed for the project. Horne, Charles. "Source Records of the Great War." National Alumni 3 (1923): 33. Print. This source provided me with a primary source account of the German Use of Gas at the Second Battle of Ypres on 22 April 1915 by Sir John French, British Army Commander-in-Chief, which was very helpful in explaining the allies immediate reaction to the use of gas. Categorizing their shock helped me develop ideas about gas use. McIlree, J.R. Interview by Frank Lalor. Personal interview. 1 July 1964. Rao 3 Rather than use only diary entries as my primary sources, I tried to incorporate interviews into my research. In doing so I found Mr. McIlree's which provided my with a hindsight into the Battle of Ypres. Pollard, Hugh B. C. The Story of Ypres. New York: McBride, 1917. Print. Pollard's gripping account of what happened at Ypres from a soldier’s point of view gave a clear idea as to the immenseness of the effect of chlorine gas. I quoted his book in order to provide a better outlook as to why chemical warfare was so crucial. "Primary Documents - 1915." First World War. N.p., 22 Aug. 2007. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/1915.htm>. This World War website contained archives of primary resources, sorted by date, which helped me develop first hand accounts as to the war. Specifically looking at the year 1915, I was able to find many responses and eyewitness accounts of the first use of gas in Ypres, Belgium. The Chicago Tribune. "New Terrible Force Hits Oppau, Haber Says." The Chicago Tribune 25 Sept. 1921. The New York Times. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. The Chicago Tribune's article on their interview with Fritz Haber provided me with great insight into Haber's own views on Germany's war loss. I cited this article various times, because it reels much about Haber's personality and beliefs. The New York Times. "Cloud of Chlorine Borne by a Favoring Wind Germany's Novel Weapon That Swept Allies' Front; Was Released from Bottles of the Liquefied Gas." The New York Times [New York City] 26 Apr. 1915. The New York Times. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. Rao 4 The New york Times was one of the first newspapers to reports the tragedy at Ypres, thus this provides a perfect look into the worlds initial reaction to the use of chlorine gas. From this I was able to conclude that most everyone was revolted by chemical warfare from its beginnings, which greatly helps me in moving through this project. Uprichard, John. Interview by Frank Lalor. Personal interview. 1 July 1964. Rather than use only diary entries as my primary sources, I tried to incorporate interviews into my research. In doing so I found Mr. John Uprichard,which provided my with a hindsight into the Battle of Ypres. "Vintage Photographs - Poison Gas and Flamethrowers." First World War. N.p., 22 Aug. 2007. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/gas.htm>. This World War I photo archive was where I found many of the pictures I used for describing, thus showing, what occurred at Ypres. Containing dozens of vintage photos from the day, this photo archive was instrumental in the development of visual elements for my project. Secondary Sources Charles, Daniel. "Haber photo gallery." Daniel Charles: Mastermind. Web. 14 Feb. 2014. <http://www.danielcharles.us/haberphotos.html>. Charles' website, based on his book, provided a small gallery of pictures depicting Haber's life. Along with the pictures, there were detailed accounts of where and when the picture was taken. Rao 5 Duffy, Michael. "Germany's Use of Chemical Warfare in World War I." First World War. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/chemical_warfare.htm>. This website provided me with an all around out look about Germany's use of chemical weapons during World War I. Provides both primary and secondary accounts about Germany's chemical warfare program. Dunikowska, Magda, and Ludwik Turko. "Fritz Haber: The Damned Scientist." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50.43 (2011): 10050-10062. Print. Dunikowska and Turko's paper provided me with a greater look at Haber's persona based on the views of scientists. This editorial on him gives me a more tangible view of chemists' opinion of Haber. "Fritz Haber Pictures." Fritz Haber Pictures. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. <http://www.picsearch.com/Fritz-Haber-pictures.html>. This website had a fully developed Fritz Haber photo gallery, which I used in order to determine which photos I wanted to use to best get across my message. Hager, Thomas. The Alchemy of Air: A Jewish genius, a doomed tycoon, and the scientific discovery that fed the world but fueled the rise of Hitler. New York: Harmony Books, 2008. Print. Hager's book details goes into depth about the psychology of Haber's actions and what drove him to work for Germany. It also includes various first hand accounts about his persona, which greatly helped shape my views on his character. Morning Edition. Charles, Dan. National Public Radio. 11 July 2002. Radio. This NPR podcast about Haber analyzed his actions and the effects of them. This Rao 6 helped me establish some good framework about the dilemma that scientists like Haber face. Radio Lab. Kean, Sam, and Walters, Pat. WNYC. 9 Jan. 2012. Radio. This radio podcast about Haber really analyzed the morality of Haber. The podcast went into depths about his nitrogen process that saved lives, which contrasted his creation of Zyclon and Chlorine gas that severely hurt others. Many of the arguments used here, helped me establish my own views on Haber. Ramseshan, Sivaraj. "Indian Institute of Science." The amoral scientist A– Notes on the life of Fritz Haber. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles35.htm>. Rameseshan's editorial on Haber's life provided a very interesting perspective on Haber from a scientist’s point of view. It helped me develop a better understanding of how scientists view Haber, which is crucial for my website's analysis of the theme. Smil, Vaclav. Enriching the earth Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the transformation of world food production. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001. Print. Smil's book provided me with a deeper background into Haber's work with ammonia, which is why he rose to fame. Suter, Keith. "The Troubled History of Chemical and Biological Warfare." Contemporary Review 1 Sept. 2003: 161. Print. Suter's article provided a solid history of biological and chemical weapons, so I could easily compare between Haber's situation with that of other scientists. "The Avalon Project." The Avalon Project: Laws of War - Declaration on the Use of Rao 7 Projectiles the Object of Which is the Diffusion of Asphyxiating or Deleterious Gases; July 29, 1899. Yale Law School. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/dec99-02.asp>. This website contains the original Hague Convention documents which details the 'rules of war'. it guided me as how best to approach the issue of what is, and isn't ethical war. It also provided additional information uploads/Finance/ bibliography 1 .pdf