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b y m i s c h a k o n i n g kodak.3106.net > index manuals information T h e R

b y m i s c h a k o n i n g kodak.3106.net > index manuals information T h e R e t i n a G u i d e These web-pages have been scanned and converted from a photocopy of the "Focal Press" publication "Retina Guide", 1965 edition. Consequently they do not cover the later model S1 and S2 Retinas. There may be reference to "current" and "discontinued" models. Obviously all Retina cameras are now long discontinued, but For ease of editing if nothing else, all the original text has been retained. The original book was divided into two sections, effectively an overview and a "green pages" section covering specific models in more detail. I've not bothered with a green background to these pages, but hopefully I will have included links where appropriate to the relevant text. Similarly, page-number references; as I've included each sub-section of the book on one web-page, original page number references have been linked to the new layout. Table of Contents The Retina System Retina Evolution Handling the Retina Loading and Unloading Films and Filters Exposure Flash with the Retina Camera Care in Tropical Climates Using Alternative Lenses The Retina IBS, IF and IIF The Retina IIS and IIIS The Retina Automatic I, II and III The Retina Ib, IB, IIc, IIC, IIIc and IIIC The Retina I, Ia, II and IIa The Retina S Lens System The Retina C Lens System Retina Accessories Facts and Figures The Retina System The Retina is fundamentally a simple 35 mm. camera. A range of different models in this series provides a choice of a camera with or without built-in rangefinder and/or photo-electric exposure meter, the latter uncoupled or coupled to the exposure setting, with or without interchangeable or convertible lenses. All use the same rigid body casting with specially machined film track. The film transport lever is mounted underneath the baseplate. One full swing of the lever winds the film, advances the film counter and re-tensions the shutter. Double exposures are possible by a deliberate procedure of disengaging the transport sprocket by means of the reversing button. The film transport lock can also be released (for advancing the film without exposing it; e.g., when reloading partly exposed film) by means of a special film release button. The back of the Retina is hinged on. A tripod bush is fitted into the baseplate and an accessory shoe in the top; film type and depth of field indicators are provided. The body is leather covered with satin chrome trim. An automatic exposure counter shows the number of exposures still available. The camera takes standard 35 mm. cassettes. The viewfinder is an optical direct-vision finder which shows the field of view outlined by a brilliant frame apparently suspended in space. It is possible to follow moving subjects even before they enter the actual picture area. Small marks on the frame indicate the reduced field for near subjects, acting as parallax correction marks. Alternatively, the frame may be coupled to the focusing mechanism for automatic parallax correction. The shutter of the Retina models without built-in exposure meter or, with the meter not coupled to the shutter setting, is calibrated in exposure values in addition to the usual shutter speeds. The aperture and shutter speed controls are cross-coupled. At any given exposure value setting, choosing a faster speed automatically opens up the lens aperture and vice versa to keep the exposure constant. If desired aperture and shutter speed can be set independently. Retina Evolution The first Retina model appeared in 1934 and underwent various changes in appearance and layout until 1949. Models from 1937 onwards were named Retina I to distinguish them from the Retina II appearing that year. The Retina Ia of 1951 had a rapid winding lever on the top of the body. The model Ib of 1954 featured a completely redesigned body. The Auto and IBS of 1963, abandoned the folding principle. They are completely rigid cameras, as is the IF of 1963, which features built-in flashgun and exposure meter. * The first Retina II with coupled rangefinder appeared in 1937 and like succeeding models, followed the general specifications of the then current Retina I. This first model already had a body release and double exposure lock, the film lock being coupled with the shutter release button. The viewfinder and rangefinder were separate and the camera was available with a choice of lenses from f3.5 to f2. * The 1939 model had a had a modified rangefinder, combined in one eyepiece with the viewfinder. The rangefinder was further improved in design in 1946. The 1949 model included a film indicator and a depth of field scale directly opposite the distance scale (on earlier models the depth of field calculator was a separate fitting on the camera base). * The Retina IIa of 1952 provided the same improvements as the model Ia with a rapid winding lever and redesigned film track for maximum accuracy and flatness of the film. * The Retina IIc with its modern rounded body shape appeared in 1954 and also featured the convertible lens system of later models. The IIIc with built-in exposure meter was added to the range at the same time. Minor modifications took place between 1954 and 1957 (rearrangement of the position of the aperture scale, etc.), and in the latter year the original two-range exposure meter of the IIIc was replaced by a single-range instrument. * The latest models IIC and IIIC of 1958 differ from their immediate predecessors in the new large-size finder with multiple reflected-image frames (making accessory finders for alternative focal lengths unnecessary) and a slight change in outward appearance (deeper top housing, larger finder windows). * The Retina IIIS model of 1958 again takes a different direction : apart from having a coupled exposure meter and fully interchangeable lenses, it also has a rigid body. The Retina IIS model introduced in 1959 is similar to the IIIS but without interchangeable lenses. * The Retina Automatic I of 1960 is similar in appearance to the Retina IIS, having a rigid body, but no rangefinder. The shutter has no speed or aperture scale; taking a meter reading selects a suitable aperture-speed combination. * The Retina Automatic II of 1962 is as Automatic I, but with shutter speed scale (1/30 to 1/500 sec.) permitting preselection of shutter speeds. The lens is the four-element Xenar f2.8. * The Retina Automatic III of 1962 is as Automatic II, but has a built-in coupled rangefinder. * The Retina IBS of 1962 has a rigid body with built-in photo-electric meter coupled to the shutter speed and aperture. The Retina IF of 1963 is similar to the Retina IBS, but has flash built into the camera top plate. The Retina IIF of 1963 is as model IF, but with built-in range-finder coupled to the lens. Full details of the handling of the various models are found in the green pages of this guide. The Retina II with coupled rangefinder made its first appearance in 1937. On later models the rangefinder and viewfinder were combined in one eyepiece, leading up to the IIa of 1951 with rapid winding lever. The models IIc and IIIc of 1954 featured a new body construction. All IIIc and IIIC models have a built-in exposure meter. The Retina IIS and IIIS (the latter with interchangeable lenses) as well as the Auto models and the IIF abandon the folding principle and are completely rigid cameras with coupled exposure meter. The IIF is the same as the IF but has a coupled rangefinder. THE RETINETTE AND RETINA REFLEX. During the growth of the Retina series two off-shoots appeared which established themselves as successful camera types of their own. Although made by the same manufacturer and bearing a certain family resemblance to the Retina, they are essentially different camera types. They are, therefore, not included in this book, but dealt with in separate Camera Guides of their own: the Retinette Guide and the Retina Reflex Guide. * Discontinued models. Handling the Retina In order to simplify the description and handling of the Retina camera without being confused by different features of individual models, this guide has been divided into a general section which applies to all Retina models, while the requirements and consequently different handling of each model are found on the green pages. For convenience, a symbolic reference system is also used in the general section. Wherever the sign ‡ appears, further details will be found in the camera pages of the green section for each camera type. The sign • similarly refers to lens details in the green section and the sign •• to accessories. The appropriate pages are marked accordingly in the bottom left- or right-hand corner. Holding It is obvious that the camera should be held as steady as possible, as the slightest shake, even if not seen in the negative, will become visible in the enlargement. Always stand with your legs apart. FOR HORIZONTAL PHOTOGRAPHS hold the uploads/Geographie/ retina-guide.pdf