Breaking the Grounds for An Etymological Dictionary of Arabic Language and Cult

Breaking the Grounds for An Etymological Dictionary of Arabic Language and Culture ( EDALC ) Stephan Guth Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk (IKOS), Oslo ESF Exploratory Workshop University of Oslo June 22–23, 2013 This presentation Overview Is there a need for an etymological dictionary of Arabic? There is already... The fear of incompleteness newly lanced Muʿjam – a competing initiative? Types of etymological dictionaries Entry structure: some examples My suggestion: EDALCSG  main ideas  Where to start from?  Material to build on  word lists  How far to go back in history?  samples entries  steps to take Is there a need for EDALC ? Some critical reservations (1) : “There is already…”  David Klein, A Comprehensive Etymol. Dict. of the Hebrew Lang. (1899-1983)  Wolfram von Soden (<Bruno Meissner), Akkadisches Hdwörterb. (1965-81)  Wolf Leslau, Etymol. dict. of Harari (1963); id., Etymol. Dict. of Gurage (Ethiopic) (1979); id., Comp. Dict. of Gǝʿǝz (Classical Ethiopic). Gǝʿǝz - English/English-Gǝʿǝz with an index of the Semitic roots (1987)  Orel/Stolbova, Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary (1995)  Christopher Ehret, Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian) (1995)  David Cohen [et al.], Dict. des racines sémitiques ... (1996 ff.)  Gábor Takács, Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian (1999 ff.)  Militarev/Kogan, Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 1: Anatomy of Man and Animals (2000), vol. 2: Animal Names (2005), ... .  Encyclopædia of Islam and other lexica No need for an EtymArab ? Arabic and other Semitic Cognates in Wolf Leslau Etymological dictionary of Harari Berkeley 1963 Wolf Leslau Etymological dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic), 3 vols. Wiesbaden 1979 No need for an EtymArab ? Arabic and other Semitic Cognates in existing dictionaries Wolf Leslau A Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic) Geʿez-English/English-Geʿez with an index of the Semitic roots. 3 vols. Wiesbaden 1987 No need for an EtymArab ? Arabic and other Semitic Cognates in existing dictionaries includesevendiscussion! Helpful – but making EtymArab unnecessary? ”Index of Semitic Roots” in Wolf Leslau Etymological dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic), 3 vols. Wiesbaden 1979 Helpful – but making EtymArab unnecessary? ”Index of Semitic Roots” in Wolf Leslau A Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic) Geʿez-English/English-Geʿez with an index of the Semitic roots 3 vols. Wiesbaden 1987 ”Once bitten, twice shy” The fear of creating another torso Wikipedia-type online tool is different! Completeness? – not achievable! Open questions, research lacunae, ongoing discussion, scholarly dispute? – natural and no shame! cf. => Open questions, incompletenes, lacunae: Natural, not unusual... and absolutely nothing to be ashamed of ! Pierre Chantraine Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque : histoire des mots nouvelle éd. Paris 2009 Ét. : « Ignorée. ... » Ét. : « Hapax obscur. ... » Ét. : « Souvent considéré comme... » Ét. : « Peut-être terme d’emprunt. » Gábor Takács, Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, Leiden [etc.] 1999 ff. ”Etymology obscure”, ”Origin disputable”, ... Incompletenes, lacunae, scholarly disputes Gábor Takács, Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, Leiden [etc.] 1999 ff. 6 pages 7 lemmata Gábor Takács, Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, Leiden [etc.] 1999 ff. Balance 6 pages... 7 lemmata, thereof 2 “ obscure” 1 “ disputable” 1 “disputed” 1 “highly debated” . 5 highly interesting discussions ! Newly (re-)lanced project al-Muʿjam al-tārīḫī lil-luġa al-ʿarabiyya  joint venture of the Union of Arabic Language Academies (Ittiḥād al-majāmiʿ al- luġawiyya al-ʿilmiyya al-ʿarabiyya) formed “Hayʾat al-Muʿjam al-tārīḫī...” (Cairo)  preparatory conference in Sharja (al-Šāriqa/ UAE) (funded by the Emir of Sh.), Dec. 2006  conference in Fes / Morocco, April 2010  documents and sample entries in: al- Muʿjam al-tārīḫī li’l-luġa al-ʿarabiyya: waṯāʾiq wa-namāḏij , ed. by Muḥ. Ḥasan ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 2008  process got stuck “bayn al-ʾamal wa’l- ʿamal” (preface, p. 16)  new initiative spring 2013 other sample entries (2006): qiṭār ★ siyāsa ★ zunnār ★ √trjm, tarjamah, turjumān ★ wazīr, wizāra ★ ḥājib, ḥijāba ★ ḥukūma al-Muʿjamal-tārīḫīlil-luġaal-ʿarabiyyaSampleentry: ḏarra(pp. 92-99) What kind of etymological dictionary? Some samples and categories  “basic” : Kluge  “basic extended ” (1) : Online Etymological Dictionary O.E.D.  “basic extended ” (2) : Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed.  “basic extended ” (3) : Littmann, Osman, Huehnergard  “hard core” : Turner, Indo-Aryan  “hard core extended ” (1): Cohen et al., DRS Bjorvand/Lindeman, Våre arveord  “hard core extended ” (2) : Jeffery 1938  “hard core extended ” (3): Thesaurus Linguae Sericae (TLS)  “Arabic extended” : al-Muʿjam al-tārīḫī, zero version “Basic” Friedrich Kluge: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (6th ed. 1899) “basicextended” (1)Online EtymologicalDictionaryinput: ”world” A French equivalent of OED http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/ e.g., ”rupture” CNRTL Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, cf. also TLF-Etym Étymol. et Hist. 1. a) xives. [apr. 1328] « cassure, séparation en morceaux » (Poème moralisé sur les propriétés des choses, ms. Bibl. Nat. fr. 12483, éd. G. Raynaud, f o90, L, 2 ds Romania t. 14, p. 462); b) 1784 point de rupture ici, p. transpos. « tension extrême, état de crise » (Diderot, Élém. de physiol., p. 94); 2. a) 1441 « non respect, transgression d'une loi » (Archives dép. du Nord, B 642 ds Bibl. Éc. Chartes, t. 98, p. 308); b) 1616 rupture de la tresve (A. d'Aubigné, Hist. univ., I, X, éd. A. de Ruble, t. 1, p. 65); c) 1780 rupture de mon ban (Mirabeau, Lettres orig. écrites du donjon de Vincennes, t. 4, p. 309); 1868 au fig. en rupture de ban (A. Daudet, Pt Chose, p. 64); 3. a) 1538 méd. « hernie » (Est., p. 250); b) 1655 méd. rupture de ses organes (Cyrano de Bergerac, Estats et empires de la lune, p. 37); 4. a) 1566 « renvoi des différents corps d'une armée » rupture du camp de l'empereur (Lettres de Catherine de Médicis, éd. H. de La Ferrière, t. 2, p. 403, col. 2); b) 1601 « dissolution, dispersion » rupture du parlement (Cl. Fauchet, Fleur de la maison de Charlemaigne, p. 81); 5. a) 1602 « interruption, cessation » (Id., Déclin maison de Charlemagne, p. 115); b) 1688 spéc. rupture ... de ... table (Mmede Sévigné, Corresp., t. 3, pp. 405-406); 6. a) 1624 « destruction, annulation d'un lien entre des personnes » rupture du mariage (V. d'Audiguier, Les Amours d'Aristandre et de Cleonice, p. 210); b) 1648 « querelle, brouille » (G. de Balzac, Le Barbon ds Œuvres, t. 2, 1665, p. 711); c) 1656 « séparation, fait de quitter, d'abandonner quelqu'un ou quelque chose » (Corneille, L'Imitation de J.-C., l. 1, chap. 6, p. 55: rupture avec les douceurs d'ici- bas); 7. 1629 « dégradation, destruction » rupture des chemins (N. de Peiresc, Lettres, éd. Tamizey de Larroque, t. 2, p. 179); 8. 1684 peint. Rupture des Couleurs (Du Fresnoy, Art de Peint., p. 52-55 ds Brunot t. 6, p. 738, note 1); 9. 1832 « discontinuité, forte variation d'aspect » (Hugo, N.-D. Paris, p. 140); 1933 spéc. rupture de pente (Malègue, Augustin, t. 1, p. 374). Empr. au lat.ruptura « rupture, bris », dér. du rad. du supin de rumpere (v. rompre) à côté des formes d'a. et m. fr. régulièrement issues du lat. ou demi-sav. telles que roture « déchirure » (1172-90, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval, éd. F. Lecoy, 3709), routure « hernie » (1262, Jean Le Marchand, Mir. N. D. Chartres, 89 ds T.-L., s.v. roture), ropture « non respect, transgression (d'une ordonnance) » (1404, 1recoll. de lois, n o139, f o34 v o, Arch. Fribourg ds Gdf., s.v. routure), ca 1500 rompture (d'une trêve, d'un mariage) (Philippe de Commynes, Mém., éd. J. Calmette, t. 1, p. 102 et t. 2, p. 247), et roupture « fracture, brèche » (1524, Reg. des délib. de l'Hôtel de ville d'Autun, ms. Troyes, 711 ds Gdf. Compl., s.v. rupture). “Basic extended ” (3) Huehnergard 2011 Cognates & etymologi (1) John Huehnergard »Proto-Semitic Language and Culture« In: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th ed., Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011: 2066-78. Appendix II: Semitic Roots “Basic extended ” (3) Huehnergard 2011 Cognates & etymologi + essay (2) »There are many Proto-Semitic terms referring to agriculture. Words for basic farming activities are well represented: fields (*ḥaql-) were plowed (*ḥrṯ), sown (*ḏrʕ), and reaped (ʕṣ́d); grain was trampled or threshed (*dyš) and winnowed (ḏrw) on a threshing floor (*gurn-), and ground (ṭḥn) into flour (*qamḥ-). Words for several specific grains can be reconstructed, including wheat (*ḥinṭ-), emmer (*kunāṯ-), barley (*šiʕār-; West Semitic only, related to Proto-Semitic *śaʕr- ‘hair’), and millet (*duḫn-). The words for many other agricultural products may provide clues as to the original homeland of the Semites, though this is a matter of conjecture and dispute: they were acquainted with figs (*tiʾn-), garlic (*ṯūm-), onion (*baṣal-, replaced in Akkadian by a Sumerian word), palm trees (*tamr- or *tamar-; see tmr), date honey (*dibš-), pistachios (*buṭn-), almonds (*ṯaqid-), cumin (*kammūn-; see kmn), and groats or malt (*baql-) as well as oil or fat (*šamn-; see šmn). The early Semites cultivated grapes (*ʕinab-) growing on vines (*gapn-) in vineyards (*karm- or *karn-), from which they produced wine (*wayn-, akin to uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ edalc-powerpont-slides.pdf

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Ingénierie dictionary etymological semitic cognates arabic
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