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Guide tones jazz composition PM Page xvi Approach Notes and Other Embellishments Approach notes have a linear melodic purpose They are short-duration notes that move by step to chord tones or tensions Chord tones and tensions have a vertical melodic purpo

jazz composition PM Page xvi Approach Notes and Other Embellishments Approach notes have a linear melodic purpose They are short-duration notes that move by step to chord tones or tensions Chord tones and tensions have a vertical melodic purpose helping to provide focal points that are in agreement with the underlying harmony Approach notes occur in melodic patterns as passing tones PT which move stepwise between two notes of di ?erent pitch PT PT PT neighbor tones NT which leave and return to the same note in stepwise motion or proceed directly to a target note without preparation Prepared Unprepared NT NT NT NT NT indirect resolution IR which consists of two notes of short and equal duration that approach the target note by step from above and below IR IR double chromatic approach DCHR which consists of two notes of short and equal duration that move by consecutive half steps to a target note DCHR DCHR Other embellishments include escape tones ET which interrupt the upward or downward ow of a melody by moving in the opposite direction by step and then leaping to ??catch up ? ET ET ET xvi Cjazz composition PM Page xvii Anticipation and Delayed Attack Rhythmic anticipation A occurs when an on-the-beat note is attacked a half beat or a whole beat early If a chord change is involved the chord is also anticipated A ?? D E Maj A Maj A A A A delayed attack DA occurs when an on-the-beat note is attacked a half beat or a whole beat late If a chord change is involved the chord is also delayed G ?? C F B A ?? D DA DA DA Guide Tones Guide tones are chord tones or tensions that are voice led from one chord to a new chord tone or tension on a subsequent chord by common tone or stepwise motion The and of a chord are weak guide tones because they duplicate the bass line The and of a chord are the most harmonically de ?nitive guide tones Tensions especially chromatically altered tensions are the most dissonant guide tones and therefore the most unstable and dramatic The following example shows all of the voice-leading choices when moving from a given note in a D ?? chord to G usual voice leading less common Given Voice Leading Choices D ?? to G Given Voice Leading Choices D ?? to G T T T T T D ?? to G D ?? to G T T T D ?? to G D ?? to G T T T T T T The choice of available tensions is often aided by designated tensions in the chord symbol In any case you must use your ears xvii Cjazz composition PM Page xviii FURTHER REFINEMENTS Within the duration of a chord a leap to another guide tone may occur before moving on G ?? C FMaj leap leap If adjacent chords share a guide tone you can leap between chords G