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Chapter 4 Laboratory Safety Procedures This chapter gives general guidance for

Chapter 4 Laboratory Safety Procedures This chapter gives general guidance for working safely with chemicals in laborato- ries. While it is thorough, it is not meant to be a complete safety manual. Each laboratory should have an additional safety references. We recommend: w Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, Fifth Edition, a publication of the American Chemical Society, 1990. Call 1-800-227-5558. One copy is free upon request, multiple academic copies are available for a nominal fee. w Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1981. w Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1995. Using this section in conjunction with other safety references will help you maintain a safe laboratory. It will also help you comply with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) standard for Occupational Exposure to Hazard- ous Chemicals in Laboratories (see Appendix B for details of the OSHA Lab Standard). This chapter has information which will help you prepare a Chemical Hygiene Plan (see Appendix C) for your laboratory. 4.1 Overview of Safety Procedures By its nature, research is inherently hazardous. The use of new techniques and processes to investigate a hypothesis creates inherent hazards and risks. In 1890, the chemist, August KekulP, allegedly told a student, "If you want to become a chemist, you have to ruin your health. Who does not ruin his health by his studies, nowadays will not get anywhere in Chemistry." While today, the attitude of "safety first" permeates the research community, working safely not just something you fall into, it consists of systematically integrat- ing safety procedures into your work with hazardous materials. In Chapter 2 we discussed terminology and concepts for working safely. Here we will review some of the general procedures designed to insure your safety. 4.1.a Responsibilities for Safety Faculty, staff, students and the Safety Department must work together to make the University a safe place to learn and to conduct research. Employees and Students You are the person most responsible for the safe use of chemicals in your lab. Research safety requires careful planning to ensure that experiments are designed in a safe manner. Chapters 1 and 2 have described your safety network and considera- tions for understanding the risks of laboratory hazards. Your responsibility for the safety use of laboratory chemicals and equipment means: w Review and following your lab's Chemical Hygiene Plan and the safety proce- dures of your department and the University. w Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each chemical you will use prior to first use and discussing with your principal investigator or supervisor possible Laboratory Safety Guide Laboratory safety is everyone's responsibility. Before working with any chemical, read the container labels and MSDS. safety precautions for any laboratory-synthesized, newly recovered, rare, or exotic chemicals. w Understand the proper use of personal protective equipment, engineering controls (e.g., fume hoods), and administrative controls. w Avoid overexposure to hazardous chemicals, and immediately reporting any actual or probable overexposure to your supervisor. If you experience immediate or delayed symptoms of chemical exposures, seek medical evaluation. w Report all spills, accidents and injuries to your supervisor immediately. w Dispose hazardous waste according to University procedures. w Do not perform any procedure unless you are confident of its safety. If you are concerned about exposure, stop and ask for help. Persons who work with labora- tory chemicals should not be afraid to ask questions, this is a learning institution. Faculty, Instructors and Lab Managers If you supervise or proctor others who use chemicals, you are responsible for their training and safety. To insure your workers and students will remain safe: w Check to see if necessary and appropriate safety equipment and supplies are present and in good working condition. w Review laboratory work practices insuring safety procedures are followed. w Comply with the OSHA Laboratory Standard (see Appendix B) and have a Chemical Hygiene Plan (see Appendix C) that is reviewed annually. w Submit accident reports to the Worker's Compensation Office immediately. w Insure new students and staff have appropriate training. Appendix G contains a safety training outline. w Visit the Safety Department web site (http://www.fpm.wisc.edu/safety) and insure workers attend appropriate training. w Maintain a file or binder of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all the chemicals in your lab. State purchasing rules require chemical suppliers to include an MSDS in the container package. Call the supplier, your purchasing agent or the Safety Department if you have difficulty obtaining an MSDS. Alter- natively, access to MSDSs can be provided electronically through the Internet. w Discuss safety issues at lab group meeting and integrate safety into procedures to enhance your personnel's learning experience. Departments, Centers, Schools and Colleges w Establish safety committees which discuss issues and safety solutions. w Promulgate a departmental Chemical Hygiene Plan to facilitate faculty plans and establish a baseline. w Insure new faculty are made aware of both their responsibilities for safety and assets (cf., Chapter 1) to assist them in establishing a new lab. Safety Department While the basic regulations published by federal agencies change little, minor changes and interpretations are frequent. The Safety Department: w Provides information and advice on the safe use and disposal of chemicals. w Audits laboratory groups for general safety concerns. w Verifies University compliance with the various federal, state and local environ- mental health and safety laws. w Facilitates waste minimization by redistributing surplus chemicals. w Provides a central source of MSDSs for chemicals used on campus. 76 Laboratory Safety Procedures University of Wisconsin-Madison Safety Department (608) 262-8769 w Inspects campus safety showers, eye wash stations, fume hoods and fire extin- guishers annually to ensure their proper operation. w Coordinates campus chemical emergency response with the Madison Fire Depart- ment's Hazardous Incident Response Team. w Minimizes the University's liability by ensuring that hazardous waste is disposed of safely and properly. The Safety Department is also a valuable training resource to help you and your staff better understand laboratory hazards and to control them. Some of the ways Safety assists in training your workers: w Conduct a "Working Safely with Chemicals" class weekly. This class, usually held at Union South, provides the basic information necessary to satisfy the OSHA training requirements. Personnel who attend the class and successfully complete the quiz receive a certificate which can be used by research labs throughout campus to satisfy the OSHA training documentation requirement. w Provide training to targeted groups upon request. This training can either be a customized program (e.g., for incoming graduate students, for "gifted" student programs, etc.), or a routine program designed to catch all your students in a single setting and it can address the safety concerns of your department, building or research group and/or include the full "Working Safety with Chemicals" class. Safety personnel can also speak at a group or departmental meeting. w Lend safety videos from our library of safety related video tapes. Other UW System schools may also have safety videos. Call Safety for a list. w Publish the Chemical Safety and Disposal Guide. Appendix G has a suggested outline for lab worker safety training. Each section of the Guide has review questions that can serve as a "Safety Quiz" to get your personnel thinking about laboratory safety issues. w Publish a CARP Spectrum newsletter which addresses safety issues affecting research labs on campus. How One Lab Ensures Safety One lab involves each group member in keeping their lab safe. Each of these duties are rotated among lab workers so they can appreciate the importance of each task. 1. Keeping an updated chemical inventory. 2. Keeping all common use areas clean and orderly. 3. Keeping Material Safety Data Sheet files current. 4. Disposing of wastes as they are generated. 5. Keeping abreast of current issues and new developments in laboratory safety, by finding and distributing information. 6. Surveying the lab for possible safety problems (see Appendix E). Annually, the lab members jointly review and update their laboratory's 4.1.b Safe Laboratory Practices Step back and look at your laboratory as if you were seeing it for the first time. This is the view that new faculty, staff, students and visitors to your lab see. Does it look safe? Is it neat and orderly? Are people taking safety precautions? Is there a strong odor of volatile chemicals? Does it look like chemicals are stored safely? Can you Laboratory Safety Procedures 77 Laboratory Safety Guide Start your semester by attending Safety's weekly Working Safely with Chemicals training class. see ways to make your lab safer? Better yet, conduct a more systematic survey of your laboratory's safety practices by using one of the survey forms in Appendix E. Annex 2-2 to Chapter 2 presented a quick guide to risk assessment for hazardous chemicals. When you plan laboratory procedures, use that guide and these basic principles to help assure safety: ü Know about the chemicals and hazards associated with your lab. Know their potential flammability, reactivity, corrosivity and toxicity. Know uploads/Voyage/ labsafetyguide-chapter04.pdf