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Conservation guide CThis important guide is the direct result of Summit a precedent- setting conference to examine crucial issues facing dealers and collectors conducted in December Organized by the Professional Numismatists Guild PNG and the Industry Cou

CThis important guide is the direct result of Summit a precedent- setting conference to examine crucial issues facing dealers and collectors conducted in December Organized by the Professional Numismatists Guild PNG and the Industry Council for Tangible Assets ICTA the summit produced frank and candid discussions to identify numismatic concerns and problems ways to correct them and proposals to plant seeds for future growth of the hobby and marketplace Major topics discussed at the summit included numismatic education and grading services One of the ?rst tangible accomplishments of the conference is this educational booklet for collectors and dealers to clear up misconceptions and misunderstandings about coin cleaning and restoration Under a committee chaired by Mark Salzberg this guide is a cooperative e ?ort by in alphabetical order Independent Coin Grading Company ICG ICTA Numismatic Guaranty Corporation NGC Professional Coin Grading Service PCGS and PNG Numismatics is an enjoyable pursuit This booklet is designed to help buyers and sellers become knowledgeable about one of the most important and misunderstood numismatic concepts ?? coin conservation CThe Purpose of This Guide One of the least understood areas of numismatics centers around the cleaning and conservation of coins To many collectors and dealers the word ??cleaned ? sets o ? an alarm since this term is sometimes cited by third-party grading services as the reason for declining to certify a coin Of course what the grading services mean when they return an uncerti ?ed coin as ??cleaned ? is that it has been harshly cleaned leaving a completely unnatural appearance But when a coin is skillfully cleaned by persons having knowledge of the proper conservation techniques the result is often a specimen that ? s attractive and desirable in the marketplace and that will readily be certi ?ed The widespread confusion that exists over the distinction between undesirable cleaning versus proper conservation has alarmed many coin enthusiasts It is hoped that this booklet will serve to clarify that distinction and permit both collectors and dealers alike to trade coins in an atmosphere of con ?dence CIntroduction The cleaning of coins has a long history When numismatics ?rst ourished during the Renaissance period of the th Century it was the coinage of the ancient Romans and Greeks that struck the fancy of wealthy gentlemen and scholars These pieces were typically recovered from hoards buried in antiquity and it was not unusual to ?nd such coins deeply encrusted with earth and minerals While the gold and silver coins were fairly easy to clean due to the durability of their metal copper and bronze coins presented a greater challenge Even after removal of soil and other contaminants these coins frequently retained a ?ne patina or coloration Typical shades were emerald green and Tuscan red and the owners of these gradually came to prize such patination as a sign of the coin ? s antiquity Even today collectors of ancient bronze pieces are drawn by their distinctive colors and detailed descriptions of these coins will usually include the