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The dutch and radical islam in nineteenth

A C M Kappelhof Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands The Hague The Dutch and radical Islam in nineteenth-century Sumatra The Padri War - the Aceh War - and their aftermaths November Introduction In H A Steijn Parvé a lower ranking civil servant wrote an article in a colonial journal about the Islamic Padri ? sect ? in the Minangkabau region in West Sumatra whose programme for religious and political reform was based on a very orthodox interpretation of Islam The Padri had caused a long and bloody civil war which the Dutch colonial government had been involved in since but the Padri were ?nally defeated in Most Dutch writers had very negative opinions about the Padri but Mr Steyn Parvé was more positive He thought the movement was very promising at ?rst and could have accomplished much in society He even went so far as to describe the colonial state as ? an enemy from overseas that brought the resources of civilisation and the art of war ? and characterized Islam as a religion ? so loved by eastern peoples ful ?lling by its outward forms the heated imagination of these people ? i e the population of the Padangsche Bovenlanden Padang Upper The author is senior researcher at the Huygens Institute of Netherlands History in The Hague The Netherlands and project leader of the research guide ? Dutch Missionary archives - ? He wants to thank Dr Gerrit Knaap leader of the research programme ? The Dutch and Cultures across the Borders ? for his advices I thank my former colleague Mrs Isabel van der Heiden for her comments on an earlier version of this article Steijn Parvé ? De secte - CCountries Steijn Parvé who had been working in the region for about ten years was fairly well informed about the Minangkabau of West Sumatra but his views on Islam are typical of a European white man living in a colonial environment On Sumatra in the nineteenth century the Dutch colonial government was challenged by two long wars the Padri War - and the Aceh War Both ended in subjugation by the Dutch but only after many years of ?ghting requiring huge e ?orts and causing heavy losses on each side Most historians agree that radical Islam played a role in these wars In this article I will analyze and compare the wars I will start with a few basic questions such as what were the causes how was the colonial state involved in them what were the aims and intentions of the opponents and why did it take so much time to end the wars Then the focus will shift to Islam in its di ?erent forms This religion had been important in the Indonesian archipelago long before the Europeans arrived Their governments were confronted with the problem of how to tackle a religion which was basically anti-Christian and which did not separate state from church Radical movements constantly pressed for a purer form