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Paraphrasing guide When paraphrasing ? Don ? t copy the original sentence ? Don ? t use too many of the original words ? Don ? t change the meaning of the original sentence ? Don ? t leave out important information The process of paraphrasing ? Identify g

When paraphrasing ? Don ? t copy the original sentence ? Don ? t use too many of the original words ? Don ? t change the meaning of the original sentence ? Don ? t leave out important information The process of paraphrasing ? Identify grammar structures and key words ? Change grammar structures ? Change words ? Change word order Grammar structures ? independent and dependent clauses ? word forms nouns verbs adjectives adverbs ? clauses adjective noun and adverb clauses ? phrases prepositional phrases participial phrases reduced clauses ? verb phrases active voice and passive voice phrasal verbs ? connecting words coordinating conjunctions subordinating conjunctions correlative conjunctions conjunctive adverbs ? transitional words and phrases Relationships between ideas cause e ?ect purpose manner comparison contrast opposition concession time place condition addition Paraphrasing Example Those whose self-esteem is low do not necessarily see themselves as worthless or wicked but they seldom say good things about themselves Psychology by David G Myers page Grammar structures ? adjective clause whose self-esteem is low ? verb phrase do not see themselves as worthless or wicked ? verb phrase seldom say good things about themselves Relationships between ideas ? There are people who have low self ??esteem ? They do not necessarily see themselves as worthless or wicked ? They seldom say good things about themselves ? Opposition but Key words ? self-esteem ? low ? necessarily ? see ? worthless ? wicked ? but ? seldom ? say ? good CSynonyms ? self-esteem self-worth self-respect ? low poor unfavorable negative bad ? necessarily inevitably automatically inexorably certainly de ?nitely ? see view perceive describe think of worthless unworthy useless no-good of little no value despicable ? wicked evil sinful bad immoral corrupt dishonorable unethical unholy ? but however although though even though while whereas ? seldom rarely hardly ever infrequently ? say talk speak ? good positive nice favorable Possible paraphrases ? People with low self-esteem don ? t necessarily view themselves as evil or worthless however they rarely talk positively about themselves ? Although they hardly ever speak favorably about themselves people who have poor self-esteem do not inevitably perceive themselves as useless or bad ? People with a low opinion of themselves generally describe themselves in negative terms even though they don ? t think they are really bad ? People with low self-esteem may or may not think of themselves in strongly negative ways but they rarely say anything positive about themselves CParaphrasing Exercise Paraphrase each part of this sentence in three di ?erent ways It is not illegal in some cultures to be married to more than one woman but the monogamous relationship is the most common Barron ? s TOEFL iBT Internet-Based Test by Pamela J Sharpe page It is not illegal in some cultures to be married to more than one woman but the monogamous relationship is the most common Combine these paraphrases into three di ?erent sentences CPossible Paraphrases The following quote can be paraphrased