Home Grammar Main Menu Learn English English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech
Home Grammar Main Menu Learn English English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | Tense Change | Time Change | Pronoun Change | Reporting Verbs | Use of 'That' We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech. Direct Speech Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech) Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word. For example: She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations." or "Today's lesson is on presentations," she said. Indirect Speech Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. English Online > Professional > A Handbook for Teachers > Direct and Indirect Speech Exploring Language Direct and Indirect Speech Direct Speech In direct speech, the original speaker's exact words are given and are indicated by quotation marks. "I don't know what to do," said Dean. In some grammar books, said Dean is referred to as a reporting clause. "I don't know what to do," is referred to as the reported clause. Indirect Speech In indirect speech, the exact meaning of the speaker's words is given, but the exact words are not directly quoted. Dean said that he didn't know what to do. To convert direct speech into indirect speech: • If the main verb is past tense, present tense verbs in the that clause must also be changed to past tense. Dean said that he didn't know what to do. • First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns. Dean said that he didn't know what to do. (The that can often be left out: Dean said he didn't know what to do.) Indirect Questions The same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. The difference is that a wh clause is used instead of a that clause. Printer Ve English Online English U Classroo Professio Studen Interac Happening About Feedbac Site Ma Search Direct question: "Did Marama's horse win a prize?" Owen asked. Indirect questions: Owen asked whether (or if) Marama's horse had won a prize. Direct question: "Why won't you marry me?" asked Donald. Indirect question: Donald asked her why she wouldn't marry him. In telling a story or recounting events, a speaker using direct speech has all the resources of intonation to produce a lively account. Because indirect speech is always speech reported by someone else, the account is more reserved and restrained. "What shall we do?" asked Bev. "Don't worry, Bev," said Duncan, "I've got a plan." Bev asked Duncan what they should do. He told her not to worry and that he had a plan. The ability to change direct speech into indirect speech is a useful skill for those engaged in taking the minutes of a meeting or reporting on events. Direct speech: "First of all, I would like to thank everybody who helped with the fair. The results were very good, and we will now be able to buy two more computers." Indirect speech: The principal said that he would like to thank everybody who had helped with the fair. He announced that the results were very good and that the school would now be able to buy two more computers. Exploring Language Contents Exploring Language is reproduced by permission of the publishers Learning Media Limited on behalf of Ministry of Education, P O Box 3293, Wellington, New Zealand, © Crown, 1996. Disclaimer and Contact Details Last modified Thursday Mar 7 2002 14:12:27 Back to • Learn English • Apprendre l'anglais • Learn French • Learn Spanish • Learn German • All our sites • Lessons o Placement tests o 7,000+ exercises o Free worksheet o Grammar sheets o With audio/video files o Vocabulary sheets o Extra large lessons o Weekly worksheet o Irregular verbs • Club o Bookmark the site o Contribute o Forum o Members Area o Guestbook o My marks o My private messages o My account o My penpals o Recommend o Chat rooms o Report a bug • Useful o Audrey, read! Bottom of Form o Conjugate a verb o Games o Today's page o Translate o For kids o Spellchecker o 21,000 words o Instant translation [Login] Remember me I've lost my password 100,000 members! Join our free club and learn English now! Home Print Guestbook Report a bug GREAT! Get a free English lesson every week! 150,000 subscribers! Click here! Recommended: > English translator > Sites for teachers > Other sites for teachers Indirect speech (test n°3005 - please quote this number when you contact us) RESULTS 1. 'Please, don't tell your mother!' -> She asked me [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: NOT TO TELL MY MOTHER 2. 'I swear I won't tell your mother, Sue!' -> He promised Sue [NO ANSWER] Wrong! Correct answer: NOT TO TELL HER MOTHER 3. 'Shall I phone my doctor?' -> She offered [NO ANSWER] Wrong! Correct answer: TO PHONE HER DOCTOR 4. 'I won't repeat what he has told me.' -> She agreed [NO ANSWER] Wrong! Correct answer: NOT TO REPEAT WHAT HE HAD TOLD HER 5. 'We'll clean your flat after our party.' -> They promised Mary [NO ANSWER] Wrong! Correct answer: TO CLEAN HER FLAT AFTER THEIR PARTY 6. 'Why don't I cook your dinner, Mr Price?' -> She offered Mr Price [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO COOK HIS DINNER 7. 'You ought to have your car serviced, dad!' -> He advised his father [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO HAVE HIS CAR SERVICED 8. 'Wait outside your office!' -> I told my employees [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO WAIT OUTSIDE THEIR OFFICE 9. 'How do we find your village?' -> They asked us [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: HOW TO FIND OUR VILLAGE 10. 'Get yourself ready before lunch.' -> She told me when [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO GET MYSELF READY 11. 'Say that you are disappointed.' -> I told him what [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO SAY 12. 'OK! We'll do what has been decided!' ->They agreed [NO ANSWER] . Wrong! Correct answer: TO DO WHAT HAD BEEN DECIDED Remarque: - La structure (infinitif) N'EST PAS utilisée après les verbes introducteurs du discours indirect: SUGGEST & SAY: Ex: He suggested having dinner in a restaurant. Ex: The nurse said you mustn't shout. Your mark: 0/100 Results of the 5 056 people who have taken this test: Average mark: 33.5 /100 <25/100: 57.4% 25 - 49.99/100: 15.2% 50 - 74.99/100: 14.6% 74.99 - 99.99/100: 9.5% Perfect: 3.4% Latest member with a PERFECT mark: darg- donax / France, on Friday 13 June 2008 - 08:35: "20/20 !" They got a perfect mark Other exercises on the same topic. Other exercises Please log in to comment this test... 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Join our free club and learn English now! Home Print Guestbook Report a bug GREAT! Get a free English lesson every week! 150,000 subscribers! Click here! Recommended: > English translator > Sites for teachers > Other sites for teachers Indirect speech (test n°2624 - please quote this number when you contact us) RESULTS 1. 'I am very tired.' She said she [NO ANSWER] very tired. Wrong! Correct answer: WAS 2. 'You play the piano very well.' Mr Jones told me I [NO ANSWER] the piano very well. Wrong! Correct answer: PLAYED 3. 'Can you give us a hand?' They asked if we [NO ANSWER] give them a hand. uploads/s1/ direct-and-indirect-speech.pdf
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