Remerciez-le!

Remerciez @Admin pour avoir partagé cet document gratuitement, de la manière la plus simple, en partageant sur les réseaux sociaux.

PVC PIPING SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Plastic Pipe and

PVC PIPING SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) ii Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following contributors to the Design Guide: The PVC and Thermoplastic Industrial Piping Systems (TIPS) Product Line Committees and member companies of the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA). In particular the following PPFA companies and individuals ably assisted in reviewing the text and tables and provided valuable comments which added greatly in producing a better and more accurate source document: Chuck Bush – Oatey Company Mike Cudahy – PPFA Staff Patrick Fedor – IPEX Bill Morris – Charlotte Pipe & Foundry Jack Roach – Mueller Industries Bill Weaver – Harvel Plastics Larry Workman – LASCO Fittings All text, tables and photos were prepared and or edited by David A. Chasis of Chasis Consulting, Inc. Using the Design Guide The Design Guide was created to assist engineers, installers, end-users, engineering students and building code officials in learning more of the dos and don’ts of PVC piping systems. The Design Guide is comprised of ten sections including:  Introduction  Features and Benefits  Engineering Design  Joining Methods  Installation  Testing and Repair  Applications  Building Codes, Standards, and Sample Specifications  PVC Piping and the Environment  Other Plastic Piping Systems In addition, in the back of the guide is the most complete appendix and glossary of PVC piping systems ever assembled. Other PPFA Educational Materials The PPFA offers a wide range of other educational materials developed to assist the engineering and construction industry to become more proficient in the use of the preferred piping system...plastics! On-site seminars, Webinars, CD-based seminars, workbooks, online tutorials and product and technical literature are available. For more information on these educational tools, visit PPFA’s website at www.ppfahome.org. Disclaimer The material in the Design Guide has been prepared for the general information of the reader/user. The information is believed to be technically correct; however, the authors, PPFA and their directors, officers, staff, and agents do not warrant the Design Guide or any of its contents suitable for any specific applications. The presented material is published as an information guideline only. It shall be the responsibility of the reader/user to incorporate prudent and generally accepted engineering practices and to meet the requirements of all involved regulatory agencies and their codes and standards. © PPFA, 2008/2009 All Rights Reserved © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Table of Contents – iii Table of Contents Page Page Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Definitions ................................................................... 1 History ........................................................................ 4 Material Characteristics .............................................. 6 Physical Characteristics ............................................. 8 Safety and Systems Design ..................................... 11 Features and Benefits ................................................... 13 Durability .................................................................. 13 Safe and Easy to Install ............................................ 17 Environmentally Sound ............................................. 20 Cost Effective ........................................................... 23 Engineering Design ....................................................... 27 Design Piping Practices ............................................ 27 Chemical Resistance ......................................... 28 Pipe Operating Pressure ................................... 29 Types of Pipe ..................................................... 29 Other PVC Piping Systems................................ 30 Fittings ............................................................... 30 Temperature and Pressure Ratings ................... 30 Friction Loss ...................................................... 32 Hydraulic Shock/Water Hammer ....................... 32 Aboveground Design ................................................ 35 Thermal Expansion and Contraction ................. 35 Thermal Stress and Longitudinal Force ............. 37 Support Spacing ................................................ 39 Pipe Hangers ..................................................... 40 Anchors and Guides .......................................... 42 Piping Insulation ................................................ 43 Fire Resistive Design ......................................... 43 Plenums ............................................................ 44 Fire Resistance Ratings .................................... 44 Other Aboveground Design Considerations ............. 44 Cold Environments ............................................ 44 Compressed Air/Gases ..................................... 44 Outdoor Environments ....................................... 45 Air Admittance Valve ......................................... 45 Noise in DWV Piping ......................................... 45 Static Electricity ................................................. 45 Underground Design ................................................ 46 Pipe Stiffness ..................................................... 47 Soil Stiffness ...................................................... 47 Pipe Loading...................................................... 47 Trench Design ................................................... 47 Minimum Cover for Pipe .................................... 48 Risers ................................................................ 48 Joining Methods ............................................................ 49 General Piping Practices .......................................... 49 Solvent Cementing ................................................... 52 Flanging .................................................................... 58 Threading ................................................................. 59 Other Joining Systems ............................................. 61 Gasketed-Bell and Spigot .................................. 61 Mechanical Radius Cut/Rolled-Grooved with Metal Gasketed Coupler .................................... 62 Mechanical Cut-Groove with Plastic Spline and Coupler .............................................................. 64 Transition Joints ................................................ 64 Heat Fusion ....................................................... 66 Installation ..................................................................... 67 Work Crew ................................................................ 67 Storage and Handling ............................................... 68 Aboveground Installation .......................................... 69 Expansion/Contraction ...................................... 70 Support Spacing ................................................ 73 Outdoor Weathering .......................................... 73 Compressed Air/Gases ..................................... 74 Impact Protection ............................................... 74 High Heat Environments .................................... 74 Air Admittance Valve (AAV) ............................... 74 Fire Stops .......................................................... 75 Underground Installation .......................................... 76 Trench Preparation/Depth/Cover ....................... 76 Bedding and Backfilling ..................................... 76 © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Page Page iv – Table of Contents Pipe Placing and Snaking.................................. 77 Thrust Blocking .................................................. 78 System Testing .................................................. 79 Pipe Relocation ................................................. 79 Testing and Repair ....................................................... 81 Water Testing ........................................................... 81 Repair ....................................................................... 83 Applications .................................................................. 89 Commercial Applications .......................................... 89 Plumbing and Mechanical Piping Systems ........ 90 Pressure Systems ............................................. 91 Non-pressure Systems ...................................... 95 Industrial Applications .............................................. 99 Building Codes, Standards, and Sample Specifications ............................................................................... 109 Building Codes ....................................................... 109 Standards ............................................................... 110 Sample Specifications General .............................. 112 PVC Schedule 80 Piping Systems Specification .... 113 PVC Schedule 40 Pressure Piping Systems Specification ........................................................... 114 PVC Schedule 40 Dual Marked Pipe and PVC DWV Fittings .................................................................... 115 PVC Cellular Core Pipe and DWV Fittings ............. 116 PVC SDR Pressure Piping Systems ...................... 117 PVC Reclaimed Water Piping Systems .................. 118 Other PVC Piping System Products ....................... 119 PVC Piping and the Environment ............................... 125 Other Plastic Piping Systems ...................................... 130 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) ................... 130 Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) .............. 132 Polyethylene (PE) ................................................... 134 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) ........................... 136 Polypropylene (PP) ................................................ 137 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) .............................. 139 Appendix A: PVC Product Safety Warnings ................ 141 Appendix B: Abbreviations and Acronyms .................. 143 Appendix C: Chemical Resistance .............................. 151 Appendix D: PVC Piping Friction-Loss Tables ............ 161 Appendix E: Partial Listing of Fire Stop Installations ... 165 Appendix F: Conversion Charts & Useful Formulas .... 173 Glossary of Plastic and Piping Terminology ................ 185 © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) v – Table of Contents List of Tables Page Table 1. History and Highlights of PVC Water Piping Systems ................................................................................................... 4 Table 2. PVC Piping Physical Properties .................................................................................................................................. 12 Table 3. Cost Comparison of Installed Plastic vs. Metal Piping Systems .................................................................................. 25 Table 4. Installed Cost for DWV and Storm Drainage Piping Installation .................................................................................. 25 Table 5. Chemical Resistance of PVC to Typical Broad Chemical Groups* ............................................................................. 28 Table 6. Schedule 40 and 80 Pipe Pressure Ratings (psi at 73°F) ........................................................................................... 30 Table 7. Temperature Correction Factors for PVC Piping ......................................................................................................... 31 Table 8. Operating Pressure of Valves, Unions, and Flanges................................................................................................... 31 Table 9. PVC Pipe Thermal Expansion (in.).............................................................................................................................. 35 Table 10. Support Spacing of PVC 40 and 80 Pipe .................................................................................................................. 39 Table 11. Support Spacing Corrections with S.G. Greater than 1.0 .......................................................................................... 39 Table 12. Minimum Trench Widths ........................................................................................................................................... 48 Table 13. Joint Moving Set Times ............................................................................................................................................. 54 Table 14. 10% Pressure Testing Cure Times ........................................................................................................................... 54 Table 15. 100% Pressure Testing Cure Times ......................................................................................................................... 55 Table 16. Number of Cemented Joints per Container Size ....................................................................................................... 56 Table 17. Recommended Crew Size for PVC Pipe Installation ................................................................................................. 67 Table 18. Loop Offset (in.) for Contraction ................................................................................................................................ 77 Table 19. Welding Rod Diameter and Number of Passes ......................................................................................................... 84 Table 20. Standard Organizations for PVC Piping .................................................................................................................... 90 Table 21. Mandatory Referenced Plumbing Standards for PVC Pipe ..................................................................................... 110 List of Figures Page Page Figure 1. Molecules ......................................................... 1 Figure 2. Resin ................................................................ 2 Figure 3. Compounds ..................................................... 2 Figure 4. Extruder ........................................................... 3 Figure 5. Injection Molding Machine ............................... 3 Figure 6. Pipe Showing Classification ............................. 6 Figure 7. Coextruded Drain-Waste-Vent Piping .............. 7 Figure 8. Clear Piping Systems ....................................... 7 Figure 9. Purple Pipe for Reclaimed and Gray Water ..... 7 Figure 10. Perforated Piping ........................................... 7 Figure 11. Double Containment Piping ........................... 7 Figure 12. Tensile Testing Machines .............................. 8 Figure 13. Izod Testing Machine ..................................... 8 Figure 14. Heat Resistance Testing ................................ 9 Figure 15. Heat Deflection Testing Machine ................... 9 Figure 16. Tabor Testing Machine ................................ 10 Figure 17. Flash Ignition Testing Machine .................... 10 Figure 18. Aquarium Piping with FRP Wrapped Fittings in Use for Over Four Decades ............................... 13 © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Page Page vi – Table of Contents Figure 19. Testing Pipe Crush Strength ........................ 14 Figure 20. PVC Pipes Transporting Chemicals ............. 14 Figure 21. Corroded Metal Pipe .................................... 14 Figure 22. Cemented Joints .......................................... 15 Figure 23. Plastic Pipe in Abrasive Environment .......... 15 Figure 24. Smooth Interior of PVC Pipe ........................ 15 Figure 25. Pipe Lining ................................................... 16 Figure 26. PVC Piping can Handle Earth Movement .... 16 Figure 27. PVC Complete Air Handling System ............ 16 Figure 28. Pump and Pipe System ............................... 16 Figure 29. PVC—Lightweight ........................................ 17 Figure 30. PVC Requires Simple Joining Tools ............ 17 Figure 31. Variety of PVC Pipe Ends ............................ 18 Figure 32. Variety of Colors .......................................... 18 Figure 33. Variety of PVC Fabrications ......................... 18 Figure 34. Partial Listing of PVC Standard uploads/s3/ pvc-design-guide.pdf