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SONDERDRUCK aus ISTANBULER MITTEILUNGEN BAND 43, 1993 ISTMI'IT 43, 1993 HARRY H

SONDERDRUCK aus ISTANBULER MITTEILUNGEN BAND 43, 1993 ISTMI'IT 43, 1993 HARRY HOFFNER Hittite iwar and Related Modes of Expressing Comparison HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION 39 The determination of the meaning of iwar goes back to Sommer 1, who translated it >'auf die Weise von, nach Art von, gleichwie«. THE FORM OF [WAR Etymological proposals Opinion is divided on the derivation of iwar: see the entries in Puhvel's 2 and Tischler's) lexica for literature. Already Hrozny 4 suggested an action noun in -war from the root i- »to go«. This has been followed by Friedrich 5, Sommer, Kammenhuber, Carruba, and Kronasser 6. Puhvel, following the lead of Gusmani, also understands iwar as an action noun in -war, but derived from the verb iye-I-iya- »to do, make«. According to Puhvel, the form with reduction, i-war as opposed to iya-war, poses no problem in view of Old Hittite »lzzi« instead of iyazzi. Puhvel makes an interesting point, when he cites constructions like PN-as iwar iya- »to do the doing of PN« as examples of figura etymologica. But if that is a relic of the particle's origin, I would be more comfortable finding it in OH, instead of NH, as all known examples are. Sommer 7 had been aware of the attractiveness of Sanskrit iva as a cognate and the explanation of the Hittite final r as »adverbial-r«. But he warned of the rashness of this hypothesis. Puhvel 8 lists those who follow this view. To the list may now be added Melchert 9. Aside from the standard abbreviations appearing in the'Archaologische Bibliographie' and the'Archaologischer An- zeiger' all other abbreviations are to be found in thc 'List of Abbreviations' of the Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (1980ff.). 1) F. Sommer, Hethitisches II (1922) 11-22. 2) J. Puhvel, Hittite Etymological Dictionary (1984ff.). 3) ]. Tischler, Hethitisches etymologisches Glossar (1977ff.). 4) F. Hrozny, Die Sprache der Hethiter (1917) 183. 5) J Friedrich, Hethitisches Warterbuch. Kurzgefagte kritische Sammlung der Deutungen hethitischer Warter (1952). 6) H. Kronasser, Etymologie der hethitischen Sprache I (1966) 273, 298. 7) F. Sommer, Hethitisches II (1922) 16. 8) ]. Puhvel, Hittite Etymological Dictionary (1984ff.) SOL 9) H. C. Melchert, Srudies in Hittite Historical Phonology (1984) 22. 40 HARRY HOFF ER - - --------.,.- ISTMITT The spelling of the word is uniformly i-wa-ar with the single exception of tu-e-el-wa e-u-wa- ar »like you(?)« in the broken context KUB 60.98 obv. 28, which might be some other word. Relationship to iwaru and iwarwai- Questions of etymology are also bound up with the issue of the relationship of iwar to the noun iwaru and its denominal verb iwarwai-, Carruba 10 distinguishing them and Sommer II and Weitenberg 12 considering the root the same. One should no longer cite the broken lexical passage from KBo 1.38 rev. 9 as containing iwar 13. Rather it is to be restored, as Akkadian sariiku »to pay a dowry« = Hittite iwar[wauwarJ, following the entry seriktu, »dowry« = iwaru 14. THE SYNTACTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF IW'AR The Primary Construction: Genitive Noun + iwar My interest is less in the reconstruction of the proto-form than in the observation of the use of iwar within the Hittite corpus. It has been known since Hrozny 15 and Sommer 16 that the primary construction of iwar is as a postpositional governing a substantive in the genitive case. This construction is the same as that of a small set of postpositionals (appan, katta, kattan, peran) which in Old Hittite govern the genitive and even take clitic possessives (appan~set, perammit). But whereas with these words the case of the governing noun or pronoun changes to the locative in post-Old Hittite, in the case of iwar the genitive reetion continues to be the dominant construction down to the end of the New Hittite period (more on this under »Diachronics«), and iwar never takes a possessive clitic C:-iwar~set). Puhvel l7 has already listed many of the examples of iwar in published texts. Here we shall repeat many of his examples and add even more, while classifying the examples as to whether the comparison is primarily with the subject, the direct object, or the finite verb of the clause. Apposition to the subject [1] duddumili~ma mZuruwasmDanuwasmTatJUrwailiyasmTarubsus~a iwar le kunanzi »But do not kill secretly like Zuru, Danu(wa), Taburwaili and Tarubsu« KBo 3.1 II 52-53 (OH/NS) 18; 10) O. Carruba, Das Beschworungsritual fiir die Gottin Wisuriyanza (1966) 16. II) F. Sommer, Hethitisches II (1922). 12) J.S. Weitenberg, Anatolica 4,1971/72,157-178. 13) So quoted in J. Puhvel, Hittite Etymological Dictionary (1984ff.) 501. 14) As in A. Kammenhuber, MIO 2,1954,75 and A. Kammenhuber, ZA 55,1955,102-123.365 n. 45, followed by MSL 13.249 and H. Kronasser, Etymologie der hethitischen Sprache I (1966) 302,307. 15) F. Hrozny, Die Sprache der Hethiter (1917). 16) F. Sommer, Hethitisches I (1920). 17) J. Puhvel, Hittite Etymological Dictionary (1984ff.). 18) Edited by 1. Hoffmann, Der ErlaB Telipinus (1984) 34f. 43, 1993 HITIITE I\VAR 41 [2] nu~wa u[g]ga 5AtI-as iwarwiyami »1 will squeal like a pig« KUB 14.1 rev. 93 (Madduwat- ta, MH/MS) 19; [3] karu~zasumenzan E.DINGIR.ME5-KUNUEGIR-ananzel! [iwa]r UL kuiskikappuwan fJarta »(From) old no one has taken care of your temples like we (have)« KUB 17.21 I 7-8 (prayer of Arn. I) 20; [4] nu~za sumenzan SA [DINGIR.ME5] assu KU.BABBAR KU.GI BIBRItllA / TUG.tII.A anzel iwar EGIR-an UL kuiski / kappuwan fJarta »No one has taken care of your possessions, o gods, - (your) silver, gold, rhytons (and) garments -like we (have)" ibid. I 11-13; [5] DINGIR.ME5-s~a kue UNUTEMES wizzapanta / n~ at anzel iwar EGIR-pa UL kuiski / newafJfJa[n fJart]a »No one has renewed your equipment which had become worn with age, like we (have)« ibid. 116-18; [6] nu ammel iwar kuwatqa iya[sl] »Perhaps you will act like us« KUB 60.136:4 (treaty?); [7] namma "'PifJfJuniyas UL SA URUGasga iwar taparta / fJudak mafJfJan INA URUGasga UL SA l- EN tapariyas/ esta asi~ma "'PifJfJuniyas SA LUGAL-UTTI iwar / taparta »Then Pibbuniya ruled unlike the Kaska. Suddenly, when (i.e., whereas) among the Kaska there was no rule by a single person, that Pibbuniya ruled in the manner of kingship (i.e., like a king)« KBo 3.4 III 73-76 21 ; [8] (Sumerian) zu-gal = (Akkadian) a-mi-it-tu = (Hittite) MUNUS-za! kuis UR.GI 7-as iwar [wappeskizzl] »A woman who [barks] like a dog« KBo 1.44 + KBo 13.1 II 31 (Erimbus Bogh. lexical series); [9] n ~ at LUGAL-weznas / iwar taparta »he ruled it (the Land of Kalasma) as a king« (literally, "in the manner of kingship") KBo 16.17 III 30-31 (annals of Murs. II) 22; [1 0] [nu~ ta~ ..] 5E5.ME5-as iwar piran iyantaru ),Let them go before [you] like brothers« KBo ]0.12 III ]0-11 (treaty w. Aziru of Amurru) 23; [11] nu~mu DUpifJassassisEN-YA armuwalasfJas/ iwar serarmuwalai nepisas~ma~mu / DUTU-as iwar ser wantai »The Stormgod Pibassassi, my lord, will shine upon me like sunshine; he will warm me like the sun in the sky (literally, sun of the sky)« KUB 6.45 + KUB 30.14 III 68-70 (Muw. II prayer) 24; [12] SEA OlMJasturi iwar Ie iyasi "Don't act like Masturi" KUB 23.1 II 15 (tr. w. 5auskamuwa) 25; nu zik~a kuwatqa / SA "'Masturi iwar iyasi »And perhaps you will act like Masturi« ibid. II 29-30; [13] nu zik~a OlKupanta-DLAMMA-as / [(SA Ol)Ma]sfJuiluwa iwar Ie iyasi »You, Kupanta- LAMMA, must not act like Masbuiluwa« KUB 6.41 (Kup. D) III 54-55 w. dupl. KBo 4.3 + KUB 40.34 II 31-32 (A) 26; 19) Edited by A. Gotze, Madduwattas (1928) 38f.; d. [62]. 20) Edited by E. von Schuler, Die Kaskaer (1965) 152f. and R. Lebrun, HYl11nes et pricres hittites (1980) 133.143. 21) Edited by A. Gotze, Die Annalen des Mursilis (1933) 88f. 22) Edited by H. Otten, MIO 3,1955,153-179, especially 173f. 23) Edited by H. Freydank, MIO 7,1960,63.371. 24) Edited by R. Lebrun, HYl11nes et prieres hittites (1980) 268. 282. 25) Edited by C. Kuhne - H. Otten, Der Sausgal11uwa-Vertrag (1971) 1Of. 26) Edited by J. Friedrich, Staatsvertrage des Hatti-Reiches in hethitischer Sprache. I. Teil (1926) 128-131. 42 HARRY HOFFNER lSTMITT [14]zik[~a~wa·na]/ anzel iwar wanummiyas DUMU-as »You (Silver) like us are an orphan child« KUB 17.4 :5-6 (Silver myth) 27; [15] [...] UL kuiski memai/ [...] DAsdapis badugas DINGIR-LlM-is / [...] DU-as iwar G1Sburkiyas / [.. .]ninki~smi KUR-e~ma / [...] mi KBo 26.96:7-11 (Kumarbi myth); [16]SAG.DU-as~mMnas~kanLUBAIjAR-as / [GISUM] BIN GIM-an webattari MAS.TUR- as~ma~nas~ kan / mienuwas iwar »Our head spins like a potter's [wh]eel; our 'Little Goat' [...s] like mienu« KUB 33.103 III 5-7 (Hedammu) 28; [17]nu~kan [(ANA M)]US Ijedammu tarbuili / [(ZI.IjI.A-S)U sanezziS] tesbas epta n~asGUD as ANSE[(-as)]~aiwar supparianza / [ ... UL] kuitki kaniszi »Sweet sleep seized the senses(?) of the serpent Ijedammu, the valiant; and he is sleeping like an ox (or) donkey; [...] recognizes [no]thing« KUB 33.84 + IV 8-10 (Ijedammu) 29; [18]nu~za LUGAL-us LUGAL-ueznas iwar / wassiyazi »the king dresses himself like a king (literally, in the manner of kingship)« KUB 7.60 III 7-8 (evocatio rit.) 30; [19] n~as GAB.LAL[t]war salliettaru / UZU.t.UDU~ma~wa iwar marrietta<ru> KUB 48.76 + KBo 6.34 II 2-3 (soldiers' oath, MH/NS). Oettinger uploads/Geographie/ 1993-hoffner-hittite-iwar-im43-fsneve.pdf