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Hungarian-Mesopotamian Dictionary (HMD) BY PROF. DR. ALFRÉD TÓTH Mikes Internat

Hungarian-Mesopotamian Dictionary (HMD) BY PROF. DR. ALFRÉD TÓTH Mikes International The Hague, Holland 2007 ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - II - Kiadó 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL' alapítvány, Hága, Hollandia. Számlaszám: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Cégbejegyzés: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Terjesztés A könyv a következő Internet-címről tölthető le: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html Aki az email-levelezési listánkon kíván szerepelni, a következő címen iratkozhat fel: mikes_int-subscribe@yahoogroups.com A kiadó nem rendelkezik anyagi forrásokkal. Többek áldozatos munkájából és adományaiból tartja fenn magát. Adományokat szívesen fogadunk. Cím A szerkesztőség, illetve a kiadó elérhető a következő címeken: Email: mikes_int@federatio.org Levelezési cím: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Hollandia _____________________________________ Publisher Foundation 'Stichting MIKES INTERNATIONAL', established in The Hague, Holland. Account: Postbank rek.nr. 7528240 Registered: Stichtingenregister: S 41158447 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Den Haag Distribution The book can be downloaded from the following Internet-address: http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html If you wish to subscribe to the email mailing list, you can do it by sending an email to the following address: mikes_int-subscribe@yahoogroups.com The publisher has no financial sources. It is supported by many in the form of voluntary work and gifts. We kindly appreciate your gifts. Address The Editors and the Publisher can be contacted at the following addresses: Email: mikes_int@federatio.org Postal address: P.O. Box 10249, 2501 HE, Den Haag, Holland _____________________________________ ISSN 1570-0070 ISBN-13: 978-90-8501-114-9 NUR 616 © Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, All Rights Reserved ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - III - PUBLISHER’S PREFACE Today we publish four new works of Professor Alfréd Tóth. Present volume is entitled ‘Hungarian-Mesopotamian Dictionary (HMD)’. The following volumes of Prof. Tóth were published electronically by Mikes International: ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF HUNGARIAN (in English) (792 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND EGYPTIAN. — HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND HEBREW. Two Addenda to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (113 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND PENUTIAN — Second Addendum to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (37 p.) HUNGARIAN, SUMERIAN AND INDO-EUROPEAN — Third Addendum to ‘Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’ (EDH) (in English) (118 p.) IS THE TURANIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY A PHANTOM? (in English) (36 p.) HUNGARO-RAETICA (in English) (39 p.) The Hague (Holland), August 2, 2007 MIKES INTERNATIONAL ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - IV - CONTENTS Publisher’s preface...........................................................................................................III 1. Preface..................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4 3. Hungarian-Mesopotamian Dictionary................................................................................... 8 About the author ............................................................................................................148 ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - 1 - eme-gir15-še3 gu2-zu na-ab-šub-be2-en “Don’t neglect the Sumerian language!” (Letter from Inim-Inana to Lugal-ibila c.3.3.12.3.) Ezt a tanulmányt Szombathely honvárosomnak a Kálvária-Hegyére szánom, amire fel kellett másznom. ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - 2 - 1. Preface “Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian” (EDH) and my two little volumes “Hungaro-Rhaetica” were and still are a huge success, unexpected even for me, since I never thought that until now already over 5’000 people would download them. My readers may thus ask why I present them now a new etymological dictionary of Hungarian. This has at least three good reasons: First, EDH shows on approximately 1’500 pages Gostony’s 1’042 Hungarian words (“Dictionnaire d’étymologie sumérienne”, Paris 1975) in 18 language families with several dozens of languages around the world, ordered primarily according to the language families and only secondarily according to the 1’042 Hungarian-Sumerian cognates. The present dictionary, which I call “HMD”, shows 1’317 Hungarian-Mesopotamian (Sumerian, Akkadian, Rhaetic) words according to alphabetical order. Second, Gostony’ dictionary as well as all hitherto published works on Sumerian-Hungarian, are based on outdated Sumerian dictionaries, the newest one being normally P. Anton Deimel’s “Šumerisches Lexikon” (Rome 1928ss.), but since this work is hardly available outside of libraries specialized in Assyriology, most of the Sumerian-Hungarian studies are based on Friedrich Delitzsch’s “Sumerisches Glossar” (1914) which represents the scientific level of Sumerology of the end of the 19th century. HDM is based of the Sumerian dictionary of the University of Pennsylvania which is accessible in the internet and constantly being updated. Third, the only reliable and thus usable Sumerian-Hungarian language studies are the ones written by Ida Bobula, Sándor Csőke and Zsigmond Varga. Most of the other ones deserve the bad critics that they got, because almost each etymology is either debatable or wrong. This is one of the main reasons, why the Sumerian-Hungarian affinity, already early proposed, was never accepted by international scientists. All people who wrote Sumerian-Hungarian studies did it with best intentions – but at the end they rather damaged than helped this theory. Moreover, practically none of these works are based on sound-laws. The necessity of sound-laws and thus the right of existence of historical linguistics was even denied. HDM is based on sound-laws and presents a completely new etymological base for 1317 Hungarian words, keeping only those early Sumerian etymologies that can stand before the present state of Sumerian linguistics. HDM does not deny historical linguistics, but takes full consideration of the (Ugric, Finno-Ugric, Altaic, etc.) proto-forms that had been reconstructed by traditional historical linguists, confronts them with the possible Sumerian words and discusses divergences between Sumerian and Proto-X. Therefore, HDM does not intend to substitute traditional Hungarian etymological dictionaries, but enlarges their basis by confronting the abstract proto-forms with the concrete words of an extinct, but once living language. I could have tried to explain more Hungarian words by Sumerian than I did. But with its 1317 entries, HMD can stand its concurrence at least in quantitative respect: “A Magyar Szókészlet finnugor elemei etimológiai szótár” contains ca. 677 and Budenz’ comparative dictionary 996 entries, concentrating only on such Hungarian words that show up at least in one other Uralic language. Since it was important to me to compare the actual Sumerian words with the reconstructed proto-forms, I restricted myself also basically only on such words, but enlarged my vocabulary from the Uralic to the Altaic language family, does presupposing that the once asserted Ural-Altaic macrofamily does exist. The other group of words I have chosen to try to explain in HMD are words that are still “of unknown origin”. In this case, HDM wants to open new ways by confronting such Hungarian words with possible Sumerian, Akkadian and Rhaetic cognates. On the other side, Bárczi’s “short” dictionary has apprioximately 8,500 entries, the big TESz has 10,714 entries and the newest, the “Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Ungarischen (EWU)”, has ca. 10,000 entries, but these latter works include all possible derivations from the simple Hungarian stems. Since these derivations are accessible in each big Hungarian dictionary (and known to the Hungarian readers anyway), I also concentrated myself only on stems, which does not exclude that I also brought derivations, if their semantics has considerably changed from the original meaning(s) of the stems. ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - 3 - Unlike in EDH, I do not quote scientific literature in HDM (unless it is really necessary), because unlike EDH, HDM should become a reference work not only for linguists but for specialists of other disciplines and even interested people of each genre as well. For everybody who wants to check the used as well as further literature, I recommend the several bibliographies at the ends of the 18 chapters of EDH. Since it is very well known that Finno-Ugric etymologies change from dictionary to dictionary (even in such standard works that were written under participation of the same persons almost at the same times), I cite deviant proto-forms next to one another, separated by commata. I like to thank my great teacher and best friend, Professor Dr. Linus Brunner (1909-1987), with whom I studied Assyriology and Semitistics and without his continued mental presence I would not have been able to write HDM. Special thanks go to Flórián Farkas who has already taken care of many studies of mine and has also done an excellent job in editing HDM. Tucson, AZ (USA), July 28, 2007 Prof. Dr. Alfréd Tóth ALFRÉD TÓTH : HUNGARIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DICTIONARY (HMD) ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007 - 4 - 2. Introduction “GALILEI. Ich bin es gewohnt, die Herren aller Fakultäten sämtlichen Fakten und Entdeckungen gegenüber die Augen schliessen zu sehen und so zu tun, als sei nichts geschehen. Ich zeige meine Notierungen und man lächelt; ich stelle ein Fernrohr zur Verfügung, dass man sich überzeugen kann, und man zitiert den Aristoteles. Der Mann hatte kein Fernrohr!” (Bertolt Brecht, Leben des Galilei, Grosse Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe, Bd. 5, S. 39ff.) Kisütik, hoy a magyar nyelv Nincs, nem is lesz, nem is volt, Ami új van benne, mind rossz, Ami régi, az tót. (Arany János, Orthológusokra, 1880) A preamble about reconstruction Critics of traditional historical linguistics are right, when they state that the method of reconstruction on which historical linguistics is based, is logically circular. You realize that uploads/Geographie/ alfredtoth-mesopotamian.pdf