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DEGREE PROJECT IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDI

DEGREE PROJECT IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2017 The transformations of the major French energy players induced by the energy transition, the emergence of new actors, digitization from an organizational, structural, cultural point of view. The transformations of major energy players accompanied by the weave consulting firm. HÉLÈNE PAPILLAUD KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Papillaud Hélène 2 Papillaud Hélène 3 ABSTRACT Today, the current energy situation is particularly difficult for major French energy players. Indeed, they have to face high energy prices - that go up and down -, have to look at renewable energies – by integrating them into their energy mix or into their distribution model - and digitize to manage their customer relations - customers’ behavior has changed and utilities have to adapt to this new behavior. They must respond to these problems while being confronted with the arrival of new entrants to the energy market: multiplication of energy players but also appearance of players in telecommunications, data…. To cope with this energy revolution, the great French utilities have no choice but to transform themselves. They must evolve technologically, digitally and also organically, structurally and culturally. The strategy of major historical energy players is therefore completely redesigned in order to give them the possibility of remaining competitive in their market and not losing their place in this revolution. They have to adapt to these new challenges and to transform themselves. Major French energy players, as ENGIE, EDF and RTE, have already started to imagine and implement new strategies to face the current energy challenges. Operational strategy consulting firms such as Weave are there to assist them in their transformation. The consultants of Weave carry out indeed numerous missions to answer the problems of these companies. Weave is here to help these companies to evolve and transform by giving them accompaniment throughout a good overview of the current energy market and current challenges of the society. Weave helps the major French energy actors to deploy new strategies, from the design of the strategy to its implementation. Indeed, Weave has developed a recognized expertise to accompany its clients in the energy transition and respond to the challenges of development and transformation of their value chain. On the basis of innovative offers, Weave intervenes with general management and dedicated businesses. Key words: utilities; digital; energy transition; energy revolution; transformation; consulting firm, transform Papillaud Hélène 4 SAMMANFATTNING Den nuvarande situationen på energimarkanden är en utmaning för många stora franska energiaktörer. Huvudutmaningarna består idag av höga elpriser som går upp och ned på en volatil marknad, en övergång till förnyelsebara energikällor samt en nödvändig och omfattande digitalisering där särkslit kundrelationerna förändras och utvecklas. Nya aktörer från andra branscher etablerar sig på energimarknaden med nya typer av tjänster och detta innebär att befintliga aktörer måste utveckla nya affärsmodeller. Nya preferenser och beteenden hos kunderna ställer även det nya krav. För att klara denna energirevolution, har franska etablerade energibolag inget annat val än att transformera sig. De måste utvecklas teknologiskt, digitalt men också organisatorisk, strukturellt och kulturellt. Stora historiska energiaktörer behöver därför nya strategier för att förbli konkurrenskraftiga på sina marknader och inte förlora marknadsandelar. Stora franska energiaktörer som ENGIE, EUF och RTE har redan påbörjat detta arbete och nya strategier utvecklas för att möta de aktuella utmaningarna på energiområdet. Strategikonsultföretag som Weave finns där för att hjälpa energibranschens aktörer i denna omvandling. Weave har redan genomfört många uppdrag inom detta område och kan med sin breda kompentens och erfarenhet hjälpa dessa företag att utvecklas och förändras via en god översikt av nuvarande energimarknad och aktuella utmaningar i samhället i allmänhet. Weave kan bistå de stora franska energiaktörerna i framtagande av nya strategier inklusive genomförande. Genom långsiktigt arbete har Weave utvecklat sin expertis och är därför väl lämpade att leda sina kunder i energiomställningen och svara på de utmaningar som en utveckling och omvandling av kundernas värdekedjor innebär. . Nyckelord: Energibolag; digitalisering; energiomställning; energirevolution; omvandling; konsultföretag, Papillaud Hélène 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 SAMMANFATTNING.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. CONTEXT AND PROBLEM FORMULATION ................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Background: ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1. Presentation of the energy mix in France ................................................................................... 9 1.1.2. Presentation of the different major energy players in France ........................................ 10 1.1.3. The evolution of the energy value chain in France – The history of energy market in France 12 1.1.4. Presentation of the current regulation ..................................................................................... 13 1.2. Energy context and problem formulation ......................................................................................... 14 1.3. Expected contribution ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Disposition ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1. State of the art of the current energy context and the induced transformations for major French energy actors ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1. Bibliographic researches ................................................................................................................ 18 2.1.2. Conference ............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.2. Analysis and Synthesis of the strategies engaged by the major French energy players 19 2.2.1. Utilities literature ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2. Interviews of people working in the major French utilities ............................................. 20 2.3. Collection and analysis of the various commercial proposals, studies and missions carried out by Weave with and for major French energy players ......................................................... 20 2.3.1. Interviews of people working in Weave with and for major French energy players 20 2.3.2. Collection of commercial proposals, market studies and missions carried out for major French energy players. ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.4. Planning of the study .................................................................................................................................. 21 3. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1. Current energy challenges ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1. Energy Price ......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.2. Renewable Energies .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.3. Digitalization ........................................................................................................................................ 25 3.2. Transformations .......................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1. A technological revolution ............................................................................................................. 27 3.2.2. A digital revolution ............................................................................................................................ 28 3.2.3. A cultural and societal revolution ............................................................................................... 28 Papillaud Hélène 6 3.3. Strategies of major French energy players: ENGIE, EDF and RTE tHREE majors examples ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 3.3.1. ENGIE ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.3.2. EDF ........................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.3. RTE ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.4. The role of WEAVE, a consulting firm, in this energy revolution ............................................ 35 3.4.1. The role of Weave, an operational strategy consulting firm ............................................ 35 3.4.2. Weave’s offer........................................................................................................................................ 36 3.4.3. The commercial proposals issued by Weave for major energy players ...................... 36 3.4.4. The missions carried out by Weave for major French energy players ........................ 38 3.4.5. HOW CAN WE IMAGINE THE FUTURE OF LARGE UTILITIES WITH WEAVE? ................................... 43 4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................ 45 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................ 47 List of figures .................................................................................................................................................................... 49 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50 References .......................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Interview Junel Popp (Business Technology consultant in Weave). ........................................................ 55 Extract from WEAVE’s references in the energy sector .................................................................................. 57 The Weave Competence Center - Energies & Environnement ..................................................................... 59 Papillaud Hélène 7 FOREWORD The council is a tertiary sector activity. It is based on a simple principle: an outside firm assists a client company in certain aspects where it considers that it could benefit from an external contribution. This usually happens in the form of a call for tenders carried out by a company to which the consulting firms respond. Consulting firms can also offer offers to certain client companies when they already know the context of the company or some of its members. The consulting firm where I completed my final project is an operational strategy consulting firm. The firm supports its clients, in France and internationally, from the upstream phases of projects to implementation steering by putting speed and agility at the service of a sustainable transformation of companies. The following report is the result of several months of work in the “Industry, Energy and Services” department / entity of the consulting company Weave. Created in 2001 in Paris, weave now employs 280 consultants divided in the following different business units: “Industry, Energy and Services”, “Business Technology”, “Bank and Insurance”, “. The “Industry, Energy and Services” team and the “Business Technology” team work with companies involved in renewable energies, oil & gas, power, water, energy management, tertiary and nuclear industries. The missions realized are various new market approaches, establishing positioning on new issues (IoT, digital economy, blockchain…). I conducted this project during my internship in Weave. The main objective of this project is to give a clear picture of the current energy context in France and to discuss the various developments that directly impact the major French energy actors, thus forcing them to transform themselves, and explain the role of consulting firms, Weave in particular, in accompanying these transformations. NB- Due to confidentiality issues toward the WEAVE Company, some data will not be communicated in this report. Papillaud Hélène 8 Papillaud Hélène 9 1. CONTEXT AND PROBLEM FORMULATION This chapter introduces the energy sector in France, its organization and the current situation of this sector, which leads to important challenges for major French energy players. 1.1. BACKGROUND: 1.1.1. PRESENTATION OF THE ENERGY MIX IN FRANCE The energy sector in France includes French local production (52%) and imports (48%) of primary energy, their transformation into secondary energy and transport and distribution of energy to the final consumer. In 2014, the primary energy consumption is distributed as follows (Énergie en France, 2017). - 47.5% of fossil fuels (30.1% of petroleum products, 14% of uploads/Geographie/ france-guide.pdf