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BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE Need for Bridge Procedures • Utmost important task of t

BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE Need for Bridge Procedures • Utmost important task of the OOW is “SAFE NAVIGATION” • Safe navigation : - ship is not exposed to unnecessary danger and that she can be ,at all times ,controlled within ‘acceptable limits’ - require effective CCCM - demands that the situation,level of bridge manning and their competency, ops status of nav systems / ship’s engines & auxillaries are taken into account Need for Bridge Procedures (contd) Need for Bridge Procedures • Passage Planning - to assess the safest and most economical sea route between ports - detailed plans (coasting,port approaches, pilotage areas), are needed to ensure appropriate margins of safety - contingency plans essential for the unexpected and equipment failures - once completed,the passage plan becomes the basis for navigation Good Bridge Watchkeeping Practices • Need to be able to keep a good lookout • Monitor the chart and observe the radar • Able to communicate on VHF without losing situational awareness • Limitations of any equipment(e.g bad siting) and remedial actions, must be aware • Should be possible to monitor instrumentation from all places(helm & engine indicators) while ops like pilot embarking/disembarking,berthing,handling tugs,etc Good Management of Bridge Procedures Combination of the following; • Clarity of purpose • Ability to delegate authority as appropriate • Effective organisation • Motivation and the ability to motivate others Clarity of purpose • Passage plan objectives to be achieved without ambiguity,communicate consistently and plan to be agreed by all • Plan to be in consonance with Company instructions and Master’s standing orders • Plan should ensure that dangers are noted and safe water limits are identified • Plan should be such as to ensure that ship can be controlled within established safe limits Delegation of Authority The Master has the ultimate responsibility for the safety of the ship Delegation of authority will depend upon; • Ability and experience of the watchkeeper • In accordance with agreed procedures • Pilotage legislation in force – voluntary or compulsory (with regard to Pilot’s role) • Master remains in command at all times(except Panama canal) • Delegation intention must be a clear and positive statement to avoid any misunderstanding • Masters should encourage OOW ‘s to carry out navigation, when safe to do so, with they doing a monitoring role Effective Organisation • Execution of the passage plan requires bridge resources to be appropriately allocated as per demands of the different phases of the voyage • Master to ensure availability of adequately rested backup for the navigational watch • Ensure that electronic navigational equipment are carefully synchronised,aligned with the chart datum(e.g. failure could lead to grounding) Motivation • Teamwork is a valuable asset in any organisation • Master’s responsibility to motivate and to create conditions to encourage motivation • Recognise the strengths, competence and limitations of team members and organise work accordingly for best advantage • Working together in a professional way, enhances the bridge team and master/pilot relationship BPG - CONTENTS • Guidance to Masters and Navigating Officers • Annexes • Recommended Industry Publications Guidance to Masters and Navigating Officers • Ch. 1 - Bridge Organisation • Ch.2 - Passage Planning • Ch.3 - Duties of OOW • Ch.4 - Operation & Maintenance of B.equip. • Ch.5 - Dynamic Positioning • Ch.6 - Maritime Pilotage Ch.1 - Bridge Organisation • Overview • Bridge Resource Mgmt and the Bridge Team Composition of the Navigational watch Reassessing manning levels during the voyage Sole look out Bridge team and the Master New personnel and Familiarisation Prevention of fatigue Alcohol consumption Use of English Bridge Team and the Pilot • Navigation Policy and Company procedures Master’s Standing Orders Bridge Order Book Ch.2 - Passage Planning • Overview • Responsibility for Passage Planning • Notes on Passage Planning • Notes on Passage Planning (ocean/coastal/restricted waters) • Monitoring the Passage Plan • Passage Planning and Pilotage • Passage Planning and Ship’s routeing • Passage Planning and Ship Reporting Systems • Passage Planning and Vessel Traffic Services Passage Planning Overview - passage planning is necessary to support the bridge team to help ensure safe navigation - voyage should be planned prior to departure using appropriate corrected charts and publications - Master should check that the tracks laid down are safe and ship has sufficient fuel/lubes/water for the intended voyage - Master is duty bound to exercise professional judgement ,in changing circumstances, to ensure safe navigation Passage plan should be such that; - to assess the safest and most economical sea route between ports - detailed plans (coasting,port approaches, pilotage areas), are needed to ensure appropriate margins of safety - contingency plans essential for the unexpected and equipment failures - once completed,the passage plan becomes the basis for navigation Passage Planning - Overview Factors - when deciding upon the route; • The marine environment • Adequacy and reliability of charted hydrographic data/navaids along the route • Routeing constraints,e.g draught,type of cargo • Areas of high traffic density • Weather forecasts and expected conditions enroute • Requirement to follow regulations ,e.g ship routeing schemes/reporting systems • Reliability of the propulsion/steering systems onboard Ch.2 - Passage Planning • Overview • Responsibility for Passage Planning • Notes on Passage Planning • Notes on Passage Planning (ocean/coastal/restricted waters) • Monitoring the Passage Plan • Passage Planning and Pilotage • Passage Planning and Ship’s routeing • Passage Planning and Ship Reporting Systems • Passage Planning and Vessel Traffic Services Responsibility for Passage Planning • It is the Master’s responsibility to ensure that the passage plan provides the basis for safe navigation for the intended voyage. • The task of preparing the plan can however be delegated to a suitable responsible officer • The plan may need to be amended as per circumstances/ advice of the Pilot. Notes on Passage Planning Stages of Passage Planning • Appraisal (chk list B5) Notes on Passage Planning Stages of Passage Planning • Planning Planning • Passage planning and electronic nav systems • Passage planning in ocean waters • Passage planning in coastal or restrd waters • Passage planning and pilotage • Passage planning and ships’ Routeing • Passage planning and Ship Reporting systems • Passage planning and VTS Notes on Passage Planning Stages of Passage Planning • Execution Notes on Passage Planning Stages of Passage Planning • Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring the Passage Plan • Progress of the ship must be monitored continously and effectively. • It would involve; - Monitoring at and after w/o position - details of reqired frequency of position fixing - Cross checking of posn using alternate means - leading lines and clearing bearings to be used - radar conspic targets,good athwartship track control,parallel indexing,etc, can be used to monitor advance and maintaining vsl on track DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE OF A NAVIGATIONAL WATCH STCW Code states that “The Officer of the Watch (OOW) is the master's representative and is primarily responsible at all times for the safe navigation of the ship and for complying with the COLREG.” Ch. 3 - Duties of OOW • Overview • Watchkeeping • Navigation • Controlling speed and Direction of the Ship • Radiocommunications • Pollution Prevention • Emergency Situations Duties of OOW Overview • Master’s representative • Primarily responsible for safe navigation and complying with COLREGS • In-charge of the bridge team for that watch • To ensure manning levels are at all times safe for the prevailing situation/condition Duties of OOW Watchkeeping • Maintaining a lookout • General surveillance/awareness • Collision avoidance action/detection • Recording bridge activities • Periodic checks on Nav equipment • Operational checks • Routine tests and checks (electronic equipment) • Checking orders • Changing over the watch (chk list) Ch. 3 - Duties of OOW • Overview • Watchkeeping • Navigation • Controlling speed and Direction of the Ship • Radiocommunications • Pollution Prevention • Emergency Situations navigation • OOW executes the passage plan as prepared and monitors the progress, relative to the plan • Deviation from the pre-determined plan • Positions from electronic position fixing systems; - Change of datum with nav chart - Charts with very old source data • Navigation with pilot on board • Navigation in coastal/restricted waters • At anchor Ch. 3 - Duties of OOW • Overview • Watchkeeping • Navigation • Controlling speed and Direction of the Ship • Radiocommunications • Pollution Prevention • Emergency Situations Controlling Speed and Direction of the Ship • Use of engines • Safe speed • Steering control • Manoeuvring data Duties of OOW • Overview • Watchkeeping • Navigation • Controlling speed and Direction of the Ship • Radiocommunications • Pollution Prevention • Emergency Situations • Radiocommunications • The basic principles applicable to all radio communications are; - Absolute priority to distress, urgency, safety traffic - Interference with other radio users to be avoided - Frequencies to be used for their correct purpose • GMDSS watchkeeping - VHF w/keeping - Satellite (SES) w/keeping - Maritime safety information w/keeping - Log keeping - Testing of equipment Duties of OOW • Overview • Watchkeeping • uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ bridge-procedures-guide.pdf