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DISCLAIMERS The following institutions were instrumental in the development of

DISCLAIMERS The following institutions were instrumental in the development of the WRF-Chem model and its documentation. Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) The Max Plank Institute The University of Chile Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos This document does not constitute endorsement of the information, products or services contained herein by the contributing institutions previously named or unnamed. For other than authorized activities, the contributing institutions do not exercise any editorial control over the information contained herein. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the contributing institutions. In no event shall these institutions, or any unmentioned institution associated with WRF-Chem development, be liable for any damages, whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, consequential or special, that arise out of or in connection with the access, use or performance of WRF-Chem, including infringement actions. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF hereafter) was developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) that is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). NCAR and UCAR make no proprietary claims, either statutory or otherwise, to this version and release of WRF and consider WRF to be in the public domain for use by any person or entity for any purpose without any fee or charge. UCAR requests that any WRF user include this notice on any partial or full copies of WRF. WRF is provided on an “AS IS” basis and any warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of non-infringement, originality, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are disclaimed. In no event shall UCAR be liable for any damages, whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, consequential or special, which arise out of or in connection with the access, use or performance of WRF, including infringement actions. 1 WRF-Chem Emissions Guide Table of Contents 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2! 1.2 The WRF-Chem emissions utilties overview ............................................................... 2! 1.3 Placement of chemical-emission input data files .......................................................... 2! 2.1 Preparation of anthropogenic emissions for use with WRF-Chem .............................. 5! 2.2 Using the global-emissions data set .............................................................................. 5! 2.2.1 Seting-up prep_chem_sources ............................................................................... 6! 2.2.2 Compiling the prep_chem_sources code ............................................................... 7! 2.2.3 Running prep_chem_sources utility with WRF-Chem .......................................... 7! 2.3 The 4-km resolution NEI data set (2005 NEI emissions data for USA only) ............... 9! 2.4 Anthropogenic-emissions construction methodology for WRF-Chem ........................ 9! 2.4.1 Construction of an anthropogenic-emissions-inventory conversion table ........... 10! 2.4.2 Additional details for running emiss_v03.F with the NEI-05 anthropogenic- emissions data set .......................................................................................................... 14! 2.5 The anthro-emiss utiltiy .............................................................................................. 17! 3.1 Preparation of biogenic emissions for use with WRF-Chem ...................................... 19! 3.2 No biogenic emissions ................................................................................................ 19! 3.3 Guenther biogenic emissions ...................................................................................... 19! 3.4 BEIS 3.14 biogenic emissions .................................................................................... 19! 3.5 MEGAN biogenic emissions ...................................................................................... 21! 3.5.1 Compiling MEGAN preprocessor ....................................................................... 22! 3.5.2 Preprocessing MEGAN data files ........................................................................ 22! 3.5.3 Running WRF-Chem with MEGAN ................................................................... 23! 4.1 Preparation of biomass burning emissions ................................................................. 25! 4.2 Using prep_chem_sources for biomass burning emissions ........................................ 25! 4.3 Using FINN biomass burning emissions .................................................................... 27! 5.1 Preparation of volcanic emissions for use with WRF-Chem ...................................... 28! 5.2 Volcanic ash emissions ............................................................................................... 28! 5.3 Volcanic SO2 degassing emissions ............................................................................. 29! 6.1 Preparation of tracer emissions for use with WRF-Chem .......................................... 30! 6.2 The CO2 tracer option ................................................................................................. 31! 6.3 The Greenhouse Gas tracer option .............................................................................. 31! 7.1 Boundary conditions with WRF-Chem ...................................................................... 32! 7.2 The wrfchembc utility ................................................................................................. 32! 7.3 The mozbc utility ........................................................................................................ 33! 7.4 Including an upper boundary bounary condition for chemical species ...................... 33! 8.1 Converting binary intermediate file to a WRF-Chem data file ................................... 35! 8.2 Binary data file format ................................................................................................ 36! 8.3 Building the WRF-Chemistry emissions conversion code ......................................... 37! 8.4 Namelist settings for running convert_emiss .............................................................. 37! 9.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 40! 9.2 WRF-Chem and utility program related publications ................................................. 40! 2 WRF-Chem Emissions Guide WRF-Chem Overview Table of Contents 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2! 1.2 The WRF-Chem emissions utilties overview ............................................................... 2! 1.1 Introduction The WRF-Chem Emissions Guide is designed to provide the reader with information specific to the part of the WRF model related to generation of emissions input files. It will provide the user with limited description of the WRF-Chem model (Grell et al., 2005) and primarily focus on issues related to generating chemical input data files. For additional information regarding the WRF-Chem model, the reader is referred to the WRF-Chem User’s Guide. 1.2 The WRF-Chem emissions utilties overview The following figure shows the flowchart for the WRF-Chem modeling system. In the WRF-Chem model there are several ways in which gridded chemicaldata can be introduced into the simulation. The static data (e.g., data based upon land useage, or vegetation) is introduced when running the real data initilization. Data that varies temporally (e.g., anthropogenic emissions) is read into the simulation when running the WRF model. At this time there is no single tool that will construct the chemistry emissions input data sets for any domain and any chemical mechanism that is selected. This places the requirement upon you, the WRF-Chem model user, to construct the emissions data set for your particular domain and desired chemistry. However, several programs and data sets are provided by the WRF-Chem user community that can help to create the input data sets for your domain and your choice of chemical mechanism. These programs an their use are described in the following chapters. Note that it would be best to know the preferred domain location and chemistry options that will be used in the simulation before starting. In this way the choices regarding which utilities to be used will become clear. 1.3 Placement of chemical-emission input data files The WRF-Chem emissions input data files need to be located in the WRFV3/test/em_real directory. Some users place the data in the WRFV3/run directory and link the file(s) the WRFV3/test/em_real directory, since they will be used over and over again. Others might leave the emissions input files in the various directories where 3 4 they were constructed. It should not make any difference whether you use a link or copy the files to the WRFV3/test/em_real directory. The main point to take away is that, once the emission file construction is completed, the WRF-Chem code expects the emissions data files to be located in the WRFV3/test/em_real directory. 5 Chapter 2: Generation of Anthropogenic Emissions Data Files Table of Contents 2.1 Preparation of anthropogenic emissions for use with WRF-Chem .............................. 5! 2.2 Using the global-emissions data set .............................................................................. 5! 2.2.1 Seting-up prep_chem_sources ............................................................................... 6! 2.2.2 Compiling the prep_chem_sources code ............................................................... 7! 2.2.3 Running prep_chem_sources utility with WRF-Chem .......................................... 7! 2.3 The 4-km resolution NEI data set (2005 NEI emissions data for USA only) ............... 9! 2.4 Anthropogenic-emissions construction methodology for WRF-Chem ........................ 9! 2.4.1 Construction of an anthropogenic-emissions-inventory conversion table ........... 10! 2.4.2 Additional details for running emiss_v03.F with the NEI-05 anthropogenic- emissions data set .......................................................................................................... 14! 2.5 The anthro-emiss utiltiy .............................................................................................. 17! 2.1 Preparation of anthropogenic emissions for use with WRF-Chem Programs that can be used to generate anthropogenic emissions for a WRF-Chem simuation are described in the following subsections. It is assumed that the preferred domain location is known along with the chemistry options that will be used in the simulation. The "raw" anthropogenic-emissions data set described next can be used if the domain is (1) located either anywhere over the globe, or (2) over the 48 contiguous states of the United States. We will begin in the next section by showing the suggested methodology for constructing your own anthropogenic-emissions data set using the global anthropogenic emissions data sets. 2.2 Using the global-emissions data set The use of a global-emissions data set with WRF-Chem is probably the most common choice of options. The global emissions data comes from the REanalysis of the TROpospheric (RETRO) chemical composition over the past 40 years (http://retro.enes.org) and Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) (http://www.mnp.nl/edgar/introduction). Both RETRO and EDGAR provide global annual emissions for several greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4 and N2O) as well as some precursor gases on a .5x.5 degree (RETRO) or a 1x1 degree (EDGAR) grid. A simple grid-mapping program has been made available to WRF-Chem users. This program, called prep_chem_sources, was developed at CPTEC, Brazil and is available to WRF-Chem users (Freitas et al., 2011). The program will map the global anthropogenic emissions data to a WRF-forecast domain using a Mercator, polar stereographic or Lambert conformal projection. This global anthropogenic emissions program and associated RETRO/EDGAR emissions is available from the WRF-Chem ftp site (ftp://aftp.fsl.noaa.gov/divisions/taq/global_emissions). After the emissions are mapped to WRF domain, the data is output for RADM2 speciation into binary data file. 6 The intermediate binary data file can then be converted into a WRF input data file using the convert utility program discussed in chapter 9. 2.2.1 Seting-up prep_chem_sources In this section the set-up and running of the prep_chem_sources utiltity will be discussed. The code can be uploads/Litterature/ emission-guide 2 .pdf