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Book Reviews 151 Bibliographie des Langues Aymard et KiEua, Vol. 2. PAUL RIVET

Book Reviews 151 Bibliographie des Langues Aymard et KiEua, Vol. 2. PAUL RIVET and GEORGES DE CR~QUI-MONTFORT. (“Travaux et MCmoires de 1’Institut d’Ethnologie,” Tome LI.) UniversitC de Paris, 1952. 656 pp. $10.60. This is the second volume o f a thoroughly comprehensive bibliography of all source materials containing data on the following languages of the Andean area: Pukina, Mochica, Aymara, and Quechua. The first volume of this monumental work, published in the same series in 1951, dealt chronologically with the period from the Spanish con- quest to 1875, and contained some 485 entries, while this volume deals in the same manner with the period from 1875 to 1915 and contains 1,020 entries. Although the authors do not discuss such linguistic problems as the possible relationship among the languages considered, they have nevertheless supplied excellent summaries of all sources, and in a large number of instances the title pages of the original works are re- produced. All in all this is a work of great patience, diligence, and scholarship, the result of a devotion to a task for some forty years. It is to be hoped that this excellent bibliog- raphy will spark new investigations on the many unsolved linguistic problems of the Andean area. ALLAN HOLMBERG, Corltell University OTHER Intelligeltce and Cultural Differences. KENNETH EELLS, ALLISON DAVIS, ROBERT J. HAVIGHURST, VIRGIL E. HERRICK, and RALPH TYLER. Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press, 1951. xii, 388 p ~ . , tables. $5.00. Studies by anthropologists involving both anthropological and psychological tech- niques have, by and large, been disappointing, primarily, it would seem, because anthropologists are not willing to supplement or complement psychological techniques with their own, but instead uncritically take over insufficiently validated psychological devices and apply them among primitive peoples where any attempt at validation is hopeless. The results obtained from this kind of practice are disappointing both for the anthropologist and the psychologist. An examination of psychological literature will, I believe, demonstrate that the anthropological studies most useful to psychologists are those where the anthropologist has used his own techniques to test the hypotheses and assumptions used by psychologists. The work of Malinowski and Margaret Mead may be cited in this connection. In using psychological implements in the field, anthro- pologists not only tend to accept the instruments blindly, but fail to evaluate them in the light of that knowledge of human organization and behavior that they as anthro- pologists should possess (Dennis, 1951). Intelligence and Cultural Dijerences is an example of what can be done when anthro- pologists and psychologists cooperate. It is a detailed report on the material summed up by Allison Davis in his Social Class Influences Upon Learning (1948). All but the first 50 pages or so were written by Eells. The other authors provide brief chapters on the problem and its setting. Virgil Herrick summarizes what was already known about the relation of the IQ to cultural background. Robert Havighurst discusses what cultural differences may affect performance on intelligence tests. Allison Davis discusses how cultural bias and intelli- gence tests arise and what the basic issues in the relation of intelligence tests to cultural background are. Ralph Tyler discusses some aspects of the predictive value of intelli- gence tests. From these preliminary chapters it should be clear that cultural bias should have an important influence on intelligence test scores. In the second and by far the larger portion of the book Eells describes a field study uploads/Litterature/ holmberg-1954-resena-de-rivet.pdf