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1+1 National Library of Canada Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographie SelVices Branch des selVices bibliographiques 395 Wclhnglon Slreel 395. rue Wetlinglon Ottawa.Onl3no Ottawa (Ontario) K1A QN4 K1A ON4 NOTICE 0",. /.Ir N.l~'" , .. AVIS The quality of this microform is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original thesis submitted for microfilming. Every effort has been made to ensure the highest quality of reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the university which granted the degree. Sorne pages may have indistinct print especially if the original pages were typed with a poor typewriter ribbon or if the university sent us an inferior photocopy. Reproduction in full or in part of this microform is governed by the Canadian Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and subsequent amendments. Canada La qualité de cette microforme dépend grandement de la qualité de la thèse soumise au microfilmage. 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C-30, et ses amendements subséquents. • • Nietzsche's Etbical Vision: An Examination of the Moral and Political Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche Fredrick Appel DepartmentofPolitical Science McGill University, Montreal June, 1995 A thesis submitted 10 the Faculty ofGraduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment ofthe requirements ofthe degree ofPh.D. ~ FredrickAppel, 1995 1+1 National Ubrary of Canada Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographie Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Streel 395. rue Welhnglon Ottawa. Onlano QIlawa (Onlano) K1A0N4 K1AQN4 The author has granted an irrevocable non-exclusive licence allowing the National Ubrary of Canada to reproduce, loan, distribute or sell copies of hisjher thesis by any means and in any form or format, making this thesis available to interested persons. The author retains ownership of the copyright in hisjher thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without hisjher permission. L'auteur a accordé une licence irrévocable et non exclusive permettant à la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de sa thèse de quelque manière et sous quelque forme que ce soit pour mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des personnes intéressées. L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur qui protège sa thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. ISBN 0-612-08076-5 Canada • • Abstract This dissertation argues that a pervasive ethical vision underlies the work of Friedrich NietzsChe (1844-1900): a concem for the possibility ofhuman flourishing in the modern world. Notwithstanding NietzsChe's celebrated daim to he "beyond good and evil", and against the standard interpretation of bis "pelSpCCtivism", it is argued that Nietzsche makes qualitative, normative distinctions between higher, admirable modes ofhuman existence and lower, contemptible ones, and that he wishes through bis writings to foster the former and discourage the latter. Furthermore, it is argued thatNietzsche believes human excellence to he the property ofa small minority of"higher" human heings, and that he identifies the projectofencouraging human excellence with a political imperativeofcultivating this gifted élite. The dissertation also argues that Nietzsche's piCtu1'eofthe fully flourishing human life suffers from a numberofinconsistencies that may he traeed back to bis vaciUation between two incompatible moral discourses: an Aristotelian discourse emphasising the importance ofcertain "external goods" (e.g. friendship, recognition, community) in a fully flourishing life, and a rival, Stoic-influenced discourse stressing the virtuous individual's total sclf-sufficiency. An examination is made ofNietzsehe's stance towards the following key concepts and questions: truth, morality, virtue, instinct and "bodily" knowledge, nature, creativity, rationality, discipline and self-masteIy, freedom, solitude and sociability, friendship, community, pity, breeding and heredity, women and gender relations, and domination. Résumé Cette thèse veut démontrer que l'oeuvre de Friedrich Nietzsehe (1844-1900) est soutenue parune vision éthique, c'est-à-dire par un souci de l'q,anouisseme1J.t de l'homme dans la modernité. Lathèse, allant à rencontre de l'interprétation orthodoxe du <<perspectivisme» nietzsehœn, suggère que Nietzsche, malgré sa c61~ prétensionà vouloir se situer<<par-delàdu bien et du ma1», a tout de mêmefait des distinctions qualitatives et normatives. na établi des diff6rences entre. d'une part, les modes de vie humaine sup&ieurs et admirables et. d'autre part, les modes inf6rieurs et m6prisables. Lathèse suggèrepar ailleurs qu'àtravers ses écrits Nietzsche a cherché à encouragerles premiers etcondalT!Ql:l'les seconds. na cru que l'excellence humaine ~t le propre d'une petite minorité d'hommes sup6rieurs etson but, qui futessentiellementd'encourager cetteexcellenc:ede l'homme, alladepaire avec un projetpolitique. Cette thèse suggère aussique la conception nietzselW:nne de lavie bumaine laplus noble nevapas sans quelques contradictionsetque ces contradictions trouventleurs origines danslalutte, etiez N"1etzsehe, entre deux discoUIS moraux incompatibles. D'unepart, ilest influencé parun discours aristotélicienmettant l'accentsur1'impo1tancede certains <<biens extœes» (parexemple, l'amiti6, lal'CCOIIDllissance, lacommunauté) danslavie la plusriche. D'autre part, il est aussi maIqUéparun discours inspir6 du stoïcisme promouvant l'~ de l'autosuffisance totale del'homme vertueux. Laposition de Nietzsche surles questions etles concepts suivantssera6tudïœ: la v6ité, la moralité, lavertu, l'instinct et lesavoir<<corporel»,la nature, lac:r6Iti.vité, la raison, ladiscipline etla 1DlI1~lahDerlé, la solitude etlasociabilité, l'amiti6, lacomm1mauté,lapiti6, l'6:lueation,laproc:r&tion etl~les femmes et les lapports homme-femme etladomination. • • Acknowledgements 1wish to thank my supervisor, Charles Taylor, for bis support and assistance in the preparation ofthis dissertation and throughout the years ofmy graduate studies. Innumerable thanks must also go to my wife, MarilynBesner, without whose unflagging support and patience this worlc would not have been possible. The birth ofour daughterLottie coincided with the start ofmy disse$tion research, and it gives me great pleasure to think that1shal1 always associate this work with ber infant yea.-s. Many thanks are owed to the following individuals who took the time to read and comment on earlierversions ofthis manuscript, in whole or part PeterBerkowitz, Randy Coonolly, Martha Nussbaum, James Tully, Brian WaIker, and Robert Welshon. Ruth Abbey bas been especially generous with her time and attention. My exchanges with Brian Leiter have also proved invaluable. 1also wish to acknowledge Caroline Guindon for her kind offerofhelp during the preparation of this manuscript. 1am indebted too to James Booth, Mark Brawley, Alain-G. Gagnon, Elisabeth Gidengil, and Hudson MeadweIl ofthe DepartmentofPolitica1 Science atMcGill for theirencouragementand support during my years ofassociation with the Department. A similardebt ofgratitude isowedto FIederick Krantzofthe LJ.0eral Arts College, ConCOIdia University. Forfunding during my doctoral studies 1am grateful to the Doctoral Fellowship programmeofthe Social Sciences and Humanities ReseaICh Council ofcaDlma Material from chapterthree will appearin a slightly differentform as an essay entitled "Nietzsche's Natural Hierarchy· in the Falll996 issue ofIntemtltûmaI Stwfies in Phüosophy. 1amgrateful to the editors ofthisjournalfor giving me permission to use this material hem. • AbbreyjatjODS AC The Antichrist BGE Beyond Good and Evil BT Birth ofTragedy "Attempt" "Attempt at a Self-Criticism" EH &ceHolTW "BGE" "Beyond Good and Evil" "BT" "The Birth ofTragedy" "Books" "Why1Write such Good Books" "Oever" "Why 1am 50 Oever" "Destiny" "Why1am a Destiny" "GM" "On the Genealogy ofMoraIs" "UM" "Untimely Meditations" "zn "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" GM On the Genealogy ofMorals GS The Gay Science HAH Human, AU-Tao Human KGA Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe TI TwiIightofthe Idols "FGE" "The Four Great Errors" "EUM" "Expeditionsofan Untimely Man" "MA" "Maximsand Arrows" "MAN" "Morality as Anti-Natme" "RIP" "'Reason' in Philo5Ophy" "TIM" "The 'Improvers' ofMankind" "WGL" "Whatthe Germans Lack." "WOA" "What1Owe to the Ancients" WP The Will 10 Power Z Thus Spoke Zarathustra 3M "Ofthe Thœe Metamorphoses" "" "BS" "BeCore Sumise" "C" "TheConvalescent" "CK" "Conversation withthe Kïngs" "CM" "The CbiIdwith the Mirror" • "FS" "The Funeral Song" "G" "TheGreeting" "HC" "The Home-Coming" • • "HO" "LS" "DA" "OAW" "OBI" "OBV" "OC" "OCV" "OOB" "OFM" "OFP" "QGL" "OHM:" "OIB" "OIP" "OJP" "OLe" "OMC' "OW" "ON!" "ONL" "OP" "OPC" "OPO" "OR" "ORW" "OS" "OSG" "OSM" "OSa" "CT' "QTG" "OI'M" "OV" "OYR" "OWC" "OWW" "SOS" "SB" oSSo "TET" "YB" "TM" "VMS" "W" "The Boney Offering" "The Last Supper" "Ofthe Apostates" "Ofthe Afterworldsmen" "On Blissful Islands" "Ofthe Bestowing VirDle" "Ofthe Compassionate" "Ofthe Chairs ofVlItUe" "Ofthe Despisers ofthe Body" "Ofthe Fliesofthe Market-PIace" "Ofthe Famous Philosophers" "Ofthe GIeat Longing" "Ofthe HigberMan" "OfInvoluntary Bliss" "OfImmanilate Perception" "OfJoys and Passions" "Ofthe LandofCulture" "OfMarriage and Children" "OfManly Prudence" "OftheNew Idol" "OfOld andNew Law-Tables" "Ofthe Priests" "Ofthe Pale Qjminal" "Ofthe Preacbers ofDeath" "OfRedemption" "OfReading andWIiting" "OfScience" "Ofthe SpiritofGravity" "Ofthe SublimeMan" "OfSe1f-Qven:oming" "OftheTarantulas" "OftheThousand and One Goals" "OftheTIee on theMountainside" "Ofthe V1ItUOus" "Ofthe VlSion andtheRiddle" "OftheWay ofthe Creator" "OfWarandWarrior.;" "TheSecondOance Song" "TheStiIlestBour" "The SevenSeaIs" "Ofthe1bIecET,i1c'!biDgs" "The VoluntaryBeggar" "Ofthe1bIecMetamorphoses" "Ofthe VIItUe thatMakesSmaII" "TheWandere.r" • • Table of Contents Introduction ChapterI NietzsebP..an Truth and Objectivity ChaPterii Ni~hean Morality and Moral Philosophy ChaPterm Nietzsehean Vutue: Instinct, Nature, and Artifice CbpterIV The CoIIUption and Rescue ofthe Nietzsehean Master-Type ChaPterV Reconstituting the Master (1): Se1f-Discovery and Self-Mastery ChapterVI Reconstituting the Master (2): The Flight into andBeyond Solitude ChaPterVII Reconstituting theMaster (3): Jasagen and the Hope for Friendship and Community Chaptervm Nietzsehe's Will to Politics uploads/Litterature/ national-library-of-canada-acquisitions-and-bibliographie.pdf