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TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE™ This edition of the TOEFL Test And Score

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE™ This edition of the TOEFL Test And Score Data Summary contains data on the performance of examinees who took the computer-based TOEFL test and those who took the paper-based TOEFL test between July 2000 and June 2001. Data from previous testing periods can be found on the TOEFL Web site at www.toefl.org/educator/edsumm.html. Contents • History of the TOEFL Program 2 • The Computer-Based TOEFL Test 3 • Computer-Based Test Data for 2000-01 4-9 • The Paper-Based TOEFL Test 10 • Paper-Based Test Data for 2000-01 11-16 Test and Score Data Summary TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE 2001-2002 E D I T I O N www.toefl.org www.toefl.org Test and Score Data Summary 2 History of the TOEFL Program The Test of English as a Foreign Language, known to most people as “TOEFL,” is designed to measure the English proficiency of people whose native language is not English. Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada require TOEFL test scores of their international applicants. A number of academic insti- tutions in other countries, as well as certain indepen- dent organizations, agencies, and foreign governments, have also found the test scores useful. In addition, sev- eral medical certification and licensing agencies require TOEFL test scores. Oversight of the Program — A national council on the testing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962; its members were representatives of more than 30 private organizations and government agencies con- cerned with the English proficiency of nonnative speak- ers of English who wished to study at colleges and universi- ties in the United States. The council supported the develop- ment of the TOEFL test for use starting in 1963-64. Financed by grants from the Ford and Danforth Foundations, the TOEFL program was adminis- tered, at first, by the Modern Language Association. In 1965, the College Board® and Educa- tional Testing Service® (ETS®) assumed joint responsi- bility for the program. Since many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate students, a cooperative ar- rangement for the operation of the program was en- tered by ETS, the College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations® Board in 1973. Under this ar- rangement, ETS is responsible for administering the TOEFL program with oversight from the TOEFL Board. The TOEFL Board is comprised of 15 members. Some are affiliated with such institutions and agencies as un- dergraduate and graduate schools, junior and community colleges, nonprofit educational exchange or- ganizations, and other public and private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or sec- ond language. Development of the Test — The test originally contained five sections. As a result of extensive research, a three- section test was developed and introduced in 1976. In July 1995, the test item format was modified somewhat within the same three-section structure. In recent years, various constituencies have called for a new TOEFL test that (1) is more reflective of communicative competence models; (2) includes more constructed-response tasks and direct measures of writ- ing and speaking; (3) in- cludes tasks that integrate the language modalities tested; and (4) provides more information than the paper- based TOEFL test about the ability of international stu- dents to use English in an academic environment. Ac- cordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort un- der which language testing will evolve into the twenty- first century. The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL test in 1998 was the first incremental step in this broad test-improvement effort. Copyright © 2001 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE, ETS, the ETS logos, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, POWERPREP, TOEFL, the TOEFL logo, and TWE are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service. The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Test of Written English are trademarks of Educational Testing Service. COLLEGE BOARD is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. Prometric is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Violators will be prosecuted in accordance with all applicable copyright and trademark laws. Permission requests may be made online at http://www.toefl.org/copyrigh.html or sent to the Proprietary Rights Office, Educational Testing Service, Rosedale Road, Princeton, NJ 08541-0001, USA. For additional information about the Test of English as a Foreign Language, see the TOEFL Test and Score Manual, 1997 Edition, and the Computer-Based TOEFL Score User Guide, 2000-01 Edition. Order these publications in print form or download them at www.toefl.org/educator/edpubs.html. Also visit the TOEFL program’s Web library at www.toefl.org/pubs/pubsindx.html for a complete list of downloadable publications. 3 The Computer-Based TOEFL Test In July 1998, ETS introduced the com- puter-based TOEFL test in many areas of the world. This move was the first critical step toward a long- term goal of enhanc- ing assessments by using electronic technology to test more complex skills. This new testing platform provides improved services to examinees in many ways: • Tests are given by appointment, when examinees are ready. • Testing is available year-round in many locations. • Tests are given in comfortable, private, computer- equipped cubicles. • Fewer examinees test at one time. • Unofficial score ranges appear on screen immediately following the test. • Examinees can retest by appointment once every cal- endar month. • Test security is enhanced. • Official score reports are mailed faster — within two weeks after testing. (Note: Score reports are mailed approximately five weeks after the test date to those who handwrite their essays.) The computer-based TOEFL test is offered at Prometric® testing centers, specified colleges and uni- versity, selected US State Department advising centers overseas, and ETS offices in the United States. The TOEFL program’s main goal is to provide more extensive information than it has in the past about can- didates’ English proficiency. In response to institutions’ requests to include a productive measure of writing, the program added a Writing section (essay) as part of each test administration. This addition is one step toward a more communicative test. Essay ratings are integrated into section and total scores, but are also reported sepa- rately on official score reports for informational pur- poses. New types of questions were added to the Listen- ing and Reading sections; these new question types move beyond multiple-choice questions. Visuals were also added to the Listening section, providing a significant enhancement to that portion of the test. Two sections of the test — Listening and Structure — are computer-adaptive, meaning the test is tailored to each examinee’s performance level. The test starts with questions of moderate difficulty. As examinees an- swer each question, the computer scores the question and uses that information, as well as the responses to previous questions, to determine the question it will present next. As long as examinees respond correctly, the computer typically selects questions of greater or equal difficulty. In contrast, if examinees answer ques- tions incorrectly, the computer typically selects ques- tions of lesser or equal difficulty. The computer is pro- grammed to continuously find questions of an appro- priate difficulty for test takers of all performance levels. Test Preparation — The TOEFL program has taken steps to ensure that an individual’s test performance is not influenced by a lack of computer experience. A set of tutorials, designed especially for nonnative speakers of English, has been developed to teach the skills needed to take the test on computer. The interactive tutorials are presented at the beginning of each test session. They provide instruction and practice in using a mouse, scroll- ing text, answering the various types of questions in the four test sections, and typing the essay using a standard word processing system for those examinees who elect to type their essay instead of handwriting it. The tutorials are also available on the program’s Web site (www.toefl.org) free in a for-view-only format or in a downloadable file for US$8, as well as in these priced products: TOEFL Sampler: a CD-ROM containing seven interac- tive and animated tutorials, 67 practice questions, and review material for the Listening section. POWERPREP® Software: provides two computerized tests from a pool of more than 1,200 questions. For details, see the Information Bulletin or TOEFL Web site. 4 uploads/Litterature/ test-and-score-data-summary 1 .pdf