ÒëÕßÐò ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬UNIX/Linux×îÖØÒªµÄÈí¼þÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇshell£¬Ä¿Ç°×îÁ÷ÐеÄshell±»³ÆΪBa

ÒëÕßÐò ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬UNIX/Linux×îÖØÒªµÄÈí¼þÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇshell£¬Ä¿Ç°×îÁ÷ÐеÄshell±»³ÆΪBash(Bourne Again Shell shellÊÇÈç´ËµØÖØÒª£¬µ«ÁîÈ˾ªÆæµÄÊÇ£¬½éÉÜshellµÄÊéûÓÐÕæÕýÁîÈËÂúÒâµÄ¡£ËùÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ÎÒ¿´µ½ÁËÕâ±¾±»È ÔÚ¿´µ½±¾ÊéµÄÓ¢ÎÄ°æºó£¬ÎÒ¾ö¶¨°ÑËü·­Òë³öÀ´£¬ÔÚLinuxsirÂÛ̳ÉϽáʶÁËÒëÕßÖ®Ò»Ñî´ºÃô¹²Í¬·­ÒëÕâ±¾Êé£ ¹ØÓÚ°æȨµÄÎÊÌ⣬ӢÎÄ°æµÄ×÷ÕßMendel Cooper¶ÔÓ¢ÎÄ°æµÄ°æȨ×öÁËÏêϸµÄÔ¼¶¨£¬Çë²Î¿¼£ºAppendix Q. Co ±¾ÊéµÃÒԳɸ壬ÎÒ£¨»ÆÒ㣩Ҫ¶àлÎÒµÄÅ®ÅóÓÑ£¬±¾¸Ã¸øÓèËýµÄʱ¼äÎÒÓÃÀ´ÁË·­Ò룬¶àлÄãµÄÀí½â£¬ÄãÊÇÒ»¸ ÒëÕß Ñî´ºÃô »ÆÒã 2006.5.15 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide <<¸ß¼¶Bash½Å±¾±à³ÌÖ¸ÄÏ>> Ò»±¾ÉîÈëѧϰshell½Å±¾ÒÕÊõµÄÊé¼® Version 3.7.2 2005/11/16 ×÷Õß:Mendel Cooper mail:thegrendel@theriver.com Õâ±¾Êé¼Ù¶¨ÄãûÓÐÈκνű¾»òÒ»°ã³ÌÐòµÄ±à³Ì֪ʶ,µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÄãÓÐÏà¹ØµÄ֪ʶ,ÄÇôÄ㽫ºÜÈÝÒ× ´ïµ½Öи߼¶µÄˮƽ...all the while sneaking in little snippets of UNIX? wisdom and lore(Õâ¾ä²»ÖªµÀÔõôÒë).Äã¿ÉÒ԰ѱ¾Êé×÷Ϊ½Ì²Ä,×ÔѧÊÖ²á,»òÕßÄã»ñµÃshell½Å±¾¼¼ÊõµÄÎĵµ. ÊéÖеÄÁ·Ï°ºÍÀý×ӽű¾ÖеÄ×¢Êͽ«»áÓë¶ÁÕßÓиüºÃµÄ»¥¶¯,µ«ÊÇ×î¹Ø¼üµÄÇ°ÌáÊÇ: ÏëÕæÕýѧϰ½Å±¾±à³ÌµÄΨһ;¾¶¾ÍÊDZàд½Å±¾. Õâ±¾ÊéÒ²¿É×÷Ϊ½Ì²ÄÀ´½²½âÒ»°ãµÄ±à³Ì¸ÅÄî. ÏÂÔر¾Êé×îа汾,http://personal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/abs-guide-3.7.tar.bz2, ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÒÔtarºÍbzip2½øÐдò°üµÄ,²¢ÇÒÊÇÒÔHTMLÀ´·¢ÐеÄ.µ±È»,ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ±¾ÊéµÄpdf°æ±¾ ÔÚhttp://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf.¿ÉÒÔÔÚ http://personal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/Change.logÖв鿴ÐÞ¶©ÀúÊ·. ÒëÕß:Ñî´ºÃô£¬»ÆÒã mail:chunmin.yang@gmail.com Ò»Ö±ÏëºÃºÃѧϰһÏÂbash,¿ÉϧÍøÉϵÄ×ÊÁ϶¼ÔÓÂÒ²»¿°,ÎÒ»¹ÊÇϲ»¶Í¨¹ýÒ»±¾ÊéϵͳµÄѧϰ.Õâ±¾ ÊéÀ´µÃÕýÊÇʱºò.±¾ÊéµÄ×÷ÕßÕæÊǷdz£µÄÑϽ÷,´ÓÀý×ÓÀïµÄ¸Ä½øÈËÃûµ¥¾ÍÄÜ¿´³öÀ´.¿ÉϧÎÒˮƽÕæ µÄÊǷdz£ÓÐÏÞ,ºÃ¶àµØ·½¹À¼ÆÒëµÃ¶¼ÓÐÎÊÌâ.Ï£ÍûÔĶÁµÄÅóÓÑÃǶà¶àÌáЩÐ޸Ľ¨Òé.ÎһᾡÎÒµÄ×î ´óŬÁ¦È¥ÐÞÕýËü. Ŀ¼ ++++ µÚÒ»²¿·Ö. ÈÈÉí 1. ΪʲôʹÓÃshell±à³Ì 2. ´ø×ÅÒ»¸öSha-Bang³ö·¢(Sha-BangÖ¸µÄÊÇ#!) 2.1. µ÷ÓÃÒ»¸ö½Å±¾ 2.2. ³õ²½µÄÁ·Ï° µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö. »ù±¾ 3. ÌØÊâ×Ö·û 4. ±äÁ¿ºÍ²ÎÊýµÄ½éÉÜ 4.1. ±äÁ¿Ìæ»» 4.2. ±äÁ¿¸³Öµ 4.3. Bash±äÁ¿ÊDz»·ÖÀàÐ굀 4.4. ÌØÊâµÄ±äÁ¿ÀàÐÍ 5. ÒýÓÃ(·­ÒëµÄ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÎÊÌâ,ÌØÖ¸ÒýºÅ) 5.1. ÒýÓñäÁ¿ 5.2. תÒå(\) 6. Í˳öºÍÍ˳ö״̬ 7. Tests 7.1. Test½á¹¹ 7.2. Îļþ²âÊÔ²Ù×÷ 7.3. ÆäËû±È½Ï²Ù×÷ 7.4. ǶÌ×µÄif/thenÌõ¼þtest 7.5. ¼ì²éÄãµÄtest֪ʶ 8. ²Ù×÷·ûºÍÏà¹ØµÄÖ÷Ìâ 8.1. ²Ù×÷·û 8.2. Êý×Ö³£Á¿ µÚÈý²¿·Ö. ³¬Ô½»ù±¾ 9. ±äÁ¿ÖØÓÎ 9.1. ÄÚ²¿±äÁ¿ 9.2. ²Ù×÷×Ö·û´® 9.3. ²ÎÊýÌæ»» 9.4. Ö¸¶¨ÀàÐ͵ıäÁ¿:declare»òÕßtypeset 9.5. ±äÁ¿µÄ¼ä½ÓÒýÓà 9.6. $RANDOM: ²úÉúËæ»úÕûÊý 9.7. Ë«Ô²À¨ºÅ½á¹¹ 10. Ñ­»·ºÍ·ÖÖ§ 10.1. Ñ­»· 10.2. ǶÌ×Ñ­»· 10.3. Ñ­»·¿ØÖÆ 10.4. ²âÊÔÓë·ÖÖ§(caseºÍselect½á¹¹) 11. ÄÚ²¿ÃüÁîÓëÄÚ½¨ 11.1. ×÷Òµ¿ØÖÆÃüÁî 12. Íⲿ¹ýÂËÆ÷,³ÌÐòºÍÃüÁî 12.1. »ù±¾ÃüÁî 12.2. ¸´ÔÓÃüÁî 12.3. ʱ¼ä/ÈÕÆÚ ÃüÁî 12.4. Îı¾´¦ÀíÃüÁî 12.5. ÎļþÓë¹éµµÃüÁî 12.6. ͨѶÃüÁî 12.7. Öն˿ØÖÆÃüÁî 12.8. Êýѧ¼ÆËãÃüÁî 12.9. »ìÔÓÃüÁî 13. ϵͳÓë¹ÜÀíÃüÁî 13.1. ·ÖÎöÒ»¸öϵͳ½Å±¾ 14. ÃüÁîÌæ»» 15. ËãÊõÀ©Õ¹ 16. I/O Öض¨Ïò 16.1. ʹÓÃexec 16.2. ´úÂë¿éµÄÖض¨Ïò 16.3. Ó¦Óà 17. Here Documents 17.1. Here Strings 18. ÐÝϢʱ¼ä Part 4. ¸ß¼¶ 19. ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ 19.1. Ò»¸ö¼òÒªµÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ½éÉÜ 19.2. ͨÅä 20. ×Óshell(Subshells) 21. ÊÜÏÞshell(Restricted Shells) 22. ½ø³ÌÌæ»» 23. º¯Êý 23.1. ¸´ÔÓº¯ÊýºÍº¯Êý¸´ÔÓÐÔ 23.2. ¾Ö²¿±äÁ¿ 23.3. ²»Ê¹Óþֲ¿±äÁ¿µÄµÝ¹é 24. ±ðÃû(Aliases) 25. Áбí½á¹¹ 26. Êý×é 27. /dev ºÍ /proc 27.1. /dev 27.2. /proc 28. ¹ØÓÚZerosºÍNulls 29. µ÷ÊÔ 30. Ñ¡Ïî 31. Gotchas 32. ½Å±¾±à³Ì·ç¸ñ 32.1. ·Ç¹Ù·½µÄShell½Å±¾·ç¸ñ 33. ÔÓÏî 33.1. ½»»¥Ê½ºÍ·Ç½»»¥Ê½µÄshellsºÍ½Å±¾ 33.2. Shell °ü×° 33.3. ²âÊԺͱȽÏ: ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨ 33.4. µÝ¹é 33.5. ²ÊÉ«½Å±¾ 33.6. ÓÅ»¯ 33.7. ¸÷ÖÖС¼¼ÇÉ 33.8. °²È«»°Ìâ 33.8.1. ±»¸ÐȾµÄ½Å±¾ 33.8.2. Òþ²ØShell½Å±¾Ô´Âë 33.9. ÒÆÖ²»°Ìâ 33.10. ÔÚWindowsϽøÐÐShell±à³Ì 34. Bash, °æ±¾ 2 ºÍ 3 34.1. Bash, °æ±¾2 34.2. Bash, °æ±¾3 35. ºó¼Ç 35.1. ×÷Õߺó¼Ç 35.2. ¹ØÓÚ×÷Õß 35.3. ÄÄÀï¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ°ïÖú? 35.4. ÖÆ×÷Õâ±¾ÊéµÄ¹¤¾ß 35.4.1. Ó²¼þ 35.4.2. Èí¼þºÍÅÅ°æÈí¼þ 35.5. Credits Bibliography A. Contributed Scripts B. Reference Cards C. A Sed and Awk Micro-Primer C.1. Sed C.2. Awk D. Exit Codes With Special Meanings E. A Detailed Introduction to I/O and I/O Redirection F. Standard Command-Line Options G. Important Files H. Important System Directories I. Localization J. History Commands K. A Sample .bashrc File L. Converting DOS Batch Files to Shell Scripts M. Exercises M.1. Analyzing Scripts M.2. Writing Scripts N. Revision History O. Mirror Sites P. To Do List Q. Copyright ±í¸ñÇåµ¥: 11-1. ×÷Òµ±êʶ·û 30-1. Bash Ñ¡Ïî 33-1. תÒåÐòÁÐÖÐÊýÖµºÍ²ÊÉ«µÄ¶ÔÓ¦ B-1. Special Shell Variables B-2. TEST Operators: Binary Comparison B-3. TEST Operators: Files B-4. Parameter Substitution and Expansion B-5. String Operations B-6. Miscellaneous Constructs C-1. Basic sed operators C-2. Examples of sed operators D-1. "Reserved" Exit Codes L-1. Batch file keywords / variables / operators, and their shell equivalents L-2. DOS commands and their UNIX equivalents N-1. Revision History Àý×ÓÇåµ¥: 2-1. Çå³ý:Çå³ý/var/logϵÄlogÎļþ 2-2. Çå³ý:Ò»¸ö¸ÄÁ¼µÄÇå³ý½Å±¾ 2-3. cleanup:Ò»¸öÔöÇ¿µÄºÍ¹ãÒåµÄɾ³ýlogfileµÄ½Å±¾ 3-1. ´úÂë¿éºÍI/OÖض¨Ïò 3-2. ½«Ò»¸ö´úÂë¿éµÄ½á¹û±£´æµ½Îļþ 3-3. ÔÚºǫ́ÔËÐÐÒ»¸öÑ­»· 3-4. ±¸·Ý×îºóÒ»ÌìËùÓÐÐ޸ĵÄÎļþ. 4-1. ±äÁ¿¸³ÖµºÍÌæ»» 4-2. Ò»°ãµÄ±äÁ¿¸³Öµ 4-3. ±äÁ¿¸³Öµ,Ò»°ãµÄºÍ±È½ÏÌØÊâµÄ 4-4. ÕûÐÍ»¹ÊÇstring? 4-5. λÖòÎÊý 4-6. wh,whois½ÚµãÃû×Ö²éѯ 4-7. ʹÓÃshift 5-1. echoһЩ¹îÒìµÄ±äÁ¿ 5-2. תÒå·û 6-1. exit/exit״̬ 6-2. ·ñ¶¨Ò»¸öÌõ¼þʹÓÃ! 7-1. ʲôÇé¿öÏÂΪÕæ? 7-2. ¼¸¸öµÈЧÃüÁîtest,/usr/bin/test,[],ºÍ/usr/bin/[ 7-3. ËãÊý²âÊÔʹÓÃ(( )) 7-4. testËÀµÄÁ´½ÓÎļþ 7-5. Êý×ÖºÍ×Ö·û´®±È½Ï 7-6. ²âÊÔ×Ö·û´®ÊÇ·ñΪnull 7-7. zmore 8-1. ×î´ó¹«Ô¼Êý 8-2. ʹÓÃËãÊõ²Ù×÷·û 8-3. ʹÓÃ&&ºÍ||½øÐлìºÏ״̬µÄtest 8-4. Êý×Ö³£Á¿µÄ´¦Àí 9-1. $IFSºÍ¿Õ°× 9-2. ʱ¼äÊäÈë 9-3. ÔÙÀ´Ò»¸öʱ¼äÊäÈë 9-4. Timed read 9-5. ÎÒÊÇroot? 9-6. arglist:ͨ¹ý$*ºÍ$@ÁгöËùÓеIJÎÊý 9-7. ²»Ò»ÖµÄ$*ºÍ$@ÐÐΪ 9-8. µ±$IFSΪ¿ÕʱµÄ$*ºÍ$@ 9-9. Ï»®Ïß±äÁ¿ 9-10. ÔÚÒ»¸öÎı¾ÎļþµÄ¶Î¼ä²åÈë¿ÕÐÐ 9-11. ÀûÓÃÐÞ¸ÄÎļþÃû,À´×ª»»Í¼Æ¬¸ñʽ 9-12. Ä£·ÂgetoptÃüÁî 9-13. ÌáÈ¡×Ö·û´®µÄÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ·½·¨ 9-14. ʹÓòÎÊýÌæ»»ºÍerror messages 9-15. ²ÎÊýÌæ»»ºÍ"usage"messages 9-16. ±äÁ¿³¤¶È 9-17. ²ÎÊýÌæ»»ÖеÄģʽƥÅä 9-18. ÖØÃüÃûÎļþÀ©Õ¹Ãû 9-19. ʹÓÃģʽƥÅäÀ´·ÖÎö±È½ÏÌØÊâµÄ×Ö·û´® 9-20. ¶Ô×Ö·û´®µÄǰ׺»òºó׺ʹÓÃÆ¥Åäģʽ 9-21. ʹÓÃdeclareÀ´Ö¸¶¨±äÁ¿µÄÀàÐÍ 9-22. ¼ä½ÓÒýÓà 9-23. ´«µÝÒ»¸ö¼ä½ÓÒýÓøøawk 9-24. ²úÉúËæ»úÊý 9-25. ´ÓÒ»¸±ÆË¿ËÅÆÖÐÈ¡³öÒ»ÕÅËæ»úµÄÅÆ 9-26. Á½¸öÖ¸¶¨ÖµÖ®¼äµÄËæ»úÊý 9-27. ʹÓÃËæ»úÊýÀ´Ò¡Ò»¸ö÷»×Ó 9-28. ÖØзÖÅäËæ»úÊýÖÖ×Ó 9-29. ʹÓÃawk²úÉúαËæ»úÊý 9-30. C·ç¸ñµÄ±äÁ¿´¦Àí 10-1. Ñ­»·µÄÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥Àý×Ó 10-2. ÿ¸ö[list]ÔªËØ´øÁ½¸ö²ÎÊýµÄforÑ­»· 10-3. ÎļþÐÅÏ¢:¶Ô°üº¬ÔÚ±äÁ¿ÖеÄÎļþÁбí½øÐвÙ×÷ 10-4. ÔÚforÑ­»·ÖвÙ×÷Îļþ 10-5. ÔÚforÑ­»·ÖÐÊ¡ÂÔ[list] 10-6. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÌæ»»À´²úÉúforÑ­»·µÄ[list] 10-7. ¶ÔÓÚ¶þ½øÖÆÎļþµÄÒ»¸ögrepÌæ»» 10-8. ÁгöϵͳÉϵÄËùÓÐÓû§ 10-9. ÔÚĿ¼µÄËùÓÐÎļþÖвéÕÒÔ´×Ö´® 10-10. ÁгöĿ¼ÖÐËùÓеķûºÅÁ¬½ÓÎļþ 10-11. ½«Ä¿Â¼ÖеķûºÅÁ¬½ÓÎļþÃû±£´æµ½Ò»¸öÎļþÖÐ 10-12. Ò»¸öC·ç¸ñµÄforÑ­»· 10-13. ÔÚbatch modeÖÐʹÓÃefax 10-14. ¼òµ¥µÄwhileÑ­»· 10-15. ÁíÒ»¸öwhileÑ­»· 10-16. ¶àÌõ¼þµÄwhileÑ­»· 10-17. C·ç¸ñµÄwhileÑ­»· 10-18. untilÑ­»· 10-19. ǶÌ×Ñ­»· 10-20. breakºÍcontinueÃüÁîÔÚÑ­»·ÖеÄЧ¹û 10-21. ¶à²ãÑ­»·µÄÍ˳ö 10-22. ¶à²ãÑ­»·µÄcontinue 10-23. ÔÚʵ¼ÊµÄÈÎÎñÖÐʹÓÃ"continue N" 10-24. ʹÓÃcase 10-25. ʹÓÃcaseÀ´´´½¨²Ëµ¥ 10-26. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÌæ»»À´²úÉúcase±äÁ¿ 10-27. ¼òµ¥×Ö·û´®Æ¥Åä 10-28. ¼ì²éÊÇ·ñÊÇ×ÖĸÊäÈë 10-29. ÓÃselectÀ´´´½¨²Ëµ¥ 10-30. Óú¯ÊýÖÐselect½á¹¹À´´´½¨²Ëµ¥ 11-1. Ò»¸öfork³ö¶à¸ö×Ô¼ºÊµÀýµÄ½Å±¾ 11-2. printf 11-3. ʹÓÃread,±äÁ¿·ÖÅä 11-4. µ±Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸ö²»´ø±äÁ¿²ÎÊýµÄreadÃüÁîʱ,½«»á·¢Éúʲô? 11-5. readÃüÁîµÄ¶àÐÐÊäÈë 11-6. ¼ì²â·½Ïò¼ü 11-7. ͨ¹ýÎļþÖض¨ÏòÀ´Ê¹ÓÃread 11-8. ¹ÜµÀÊä³öµ½readÖеÄÎÊÌâ 11-9. Ð޸ĵ±Ç°µÄ¹¤×÷Ŀ¼ 11-10. ÓÃ"let"ÃüÁîÀ´×÷ËãÊõ²Ù×÷. 11-11. ÏÔʾevalÃüÁîµÄЧ¹û 11-12. Ç¿ÖƵdzö(log-off) 11-13. ÁíÒ»¸ö"rot13"µÄ°æ±¾ 11-14. ÔÚPerl½Å±¾ÖÐʹÓÃevalÃüÁîÀ´Ç¿ÖƱäÁ¿Ìæ»» 11-15. ʹÓÃsetÀ´¸Ä±ä½Å±¾µÄλÖòÎÊý 11-16. ÖØзÖÅäλÖòÎÊý 11-17. UnsetÒ»¸ö±äÁ¿ 11-18. ʹÓÃexportÃüÁî´«µÝÒ»¸ö±äÁ¿µ½Ò»¸öÄÚǶawkµÄ½Å±¾ÖÐ 11-19. ʹÓÃgetoptsÃüÁîÀ´¶ÁÈ¡´«µÝ¸ø½Å±¾µÄÑ¡Ïî/²ÎÊý. 11-20. "Including"Ò»¸öÊý¾ÝÎļþ 11-21. Ò»¸öûʲôÓõÄ,source×ÔÉíµÄ½Å±¾ 11-22. execµÄЧ¹û 11-23. Ò»¸öexec×ÔÉíµÄ½Å±¾ 11-24. ÔÚ¼ÌÐø´¦Àí֮ǰ,µÈ´ýÒ»¸ö½ø³ÌµÄ½áÊø 11-25. Ò»¸ö½áÊø×ÔÉíµÄ½Å±¾. 12-1. ʹÓÃlsÃüÁîÀ´´´½¨Ò»¸öÉÕ¼CDRµÄÄÚÈÝÁбí 12-2. Hello or Good-bye 12-3. ɾ³ýµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÎļþÃûÖаüº¬Ò»Ð©ÌØÊâ×Ö·û(°üÀ¨¿Õ°×)µÄÎļþ.. 12-4. ͨ¹ýÎļþµÄ inode ºÅÀ´É¾³ýÎļþ 12-5. Logfile: ʹÓà xargs À´¼à¿Øϵͳ log 12-6. °Ñµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏµÄÎļþ¿½±´µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÎļþÖÐ 12-7. ͨ¹ýÃû×ÖKill½ø³Ì 12-8. ʹÓÃxargs·ÖÎöµ¥´Ê³öÏÖµÄƵÂÊ 12-9. ʹÓà expr 12-10. ʹÓà date ÃüÁî 12-11. ·ÖÎöµ¥´Ê³öÏÖµÄƵÂÊ 12-12. ÄǸöÎļþÊǽű¾? 12-13. ²úÉú10½øÖÆËæ»úÊý 12-14. ʹÓà tail ÃüÁîÀ´¼à¿Øϵͳlog 12-15. ÔÚÒ»¸ö½Å±¾ÖÐÄ£·Â "grep" µÄÐÐΪ 12-16. ÔÚ1913ÄêµÄΤÊϴʵäÖвéÕÒ¶¨Òå 12-17. ¼ì²éÁбíÖе¥´ÊµÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ 12-18. ת»»´óд: °ÑÒ»¸öÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝÈ«²¿×ª»»Îª´óд. 12-19. ת»»Ð¡Ð´: ½«µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏµÄËùÓÐÎÄÈ«²¿×ª»»ÎªÐ¡Ð´. 12-20. Du: DOS µ½ UNIX Îı¾ÎļþµÄת»». 12-21. rot13: rot13, ÈõÖǼÓÃÜ. 12-22. Generating "Crypto-Quote" Puzzles 12-23. ¸ñʽ»¯ÎļþÁбí. 12-24. ʹÓà column À´¸ñʽ»¯Ä¿Â¼Áбí 12-25. nl: Ò»¸ö×Ô¼º¼ÆËãÐкŵĽű¾. 12-26. manview: ²é¿´¸ñʽ»¯µÄmanÒ³ 12-27. ʹÓà cpio À´¿½±´Ò»¸öĿ¼Ê÷ 12-28. ½â°üÒ»¸ö rpm ¹éµµÎļþ 12-29. ´Ó C ÎļþÖÐÈ¥µô×¢ÊÍ 12-30. Exploring /usr/X11R6/bin 12-31. Ò»¸ö"¸Ä½ø¹ý"µÄ strings ÃüÁî 12-32. ÔÚÒ»¸ö½Å±¾ÖÐʹÓà cmp À´±È½Ï2¸öÎļþ. 12-33. basename ºÍ dirname 12-34. ¼ì²éÎļþÍêÕûÐÔ 12-35. Uudecod ±àÂëºóµÄÎļþ 12-36. ²éÕÒÀÄÓõÄÁ¬½ÓÀ´±¨¸æÀ¬»øÓʼþ·¢ËÍÕß 12-37. ·ÖÎöÒ»¸öÀ¬»øÓʼþÓò 12-38. »ñµÃÒ»·Ý¹ÉƱ±¨¼Û 12-39. ¸üРFedora Core 4 12-40. ʹÓà ssh 12-41. Ò»¸ö¿ÉÒÔmail×Ô¼ºµÄ½Å±¾ 12-42. °´Ô³¥»¹´û¿î 12-43. ÊýÖÆת»» 12-44. ʹÓà "here document" À´µ÷Óà bc 12-45. ¼ÆËãÔ²ÖÜÂÊ 12-46. ½«10½øÖÆÊý×Öת»»Îª16½øÖÆÊý×Ö 12-47. Òò×Ó·Ö½â 12-48. ¼ÆËãÖ±½ÇÈý½ÇÐεÄб±ß 12-49. ʹÓà seq À´²úÉúÑ­»·²ÎÊý 12-50. ×Öĸͳ¼Æ 12-51. ʹÓÃgetoptÀ´·ÖÎöÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî 12-52. Ò»¸ö¿½±´×ÔÉíµÄ½Å±¾ 12-53. Á·Ï°dd 12-54. ¼Ç¼°´¼ü 12-55. °²È«µÄɾ³ýÒ»¸öÎļþ 12-56. ÎļþÃû²úÉúÆ÷ 12-57. ½«Ã×ת»»ÎªÓ¢Àï 12-58. ʹÓà m4 13-1. ÉèÖÃÒ»¸öÐÂÃÜÂë 13-2. ÉèÖÃÒ»¸ö²Á³ý×Ö·û 13-3. ¹ØµôÖն˶ÔÓÚÃÜÂëµÄecho 13-4. °´¼ü¼ì²â 13-5. Checking a remote server for identd<rojy bug> 13-6. pidof °ïÖúɱµôÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì 13-7. ¼ì²éÒ»¸öCD¾µÏñ 13-8. ÔÚÒ»¸öÎļþÖд´½¨Îļþϵͳ 13-9. Ìí¼ÓÒ»¸öеÄÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ 13-10. ʹÓÃumaskÀ´½«Êä³öÎļþÒþ²ØÆðÀ´ 13-11. killall, À´×ÔÓÚ /etc/rc.d/init.d 14-1. ÓÞ´ÀµÄ½Å±¾²ßÂÔ 14-2. ´ÓÑ­»·µÄÊä³öÖвúÉúÒ»¸ö±äÁ¿ 14-3. ÕÒanagram(»ØÎĹ¹´Ê·¨, ¿ÉÒÔ½«Ò»¸öÓÐÒâÒåµÄµ¥´Ê, ±ä»»Îª1¸ö»ò¶à¸öÓÐÒâÒåµÄµ¥´Ê, µ«ÊÇ»¹ÊÇÔ­À´ 16-1. ʹÓÃexecÖض¨Ïò±ê×¼ÊäÈë 16-2. ʹÓÃexecÀ´Öض¨Ïòstdout 16-3. ʹÓÃexecÔÚͬһ½Å±¾ÖÐÖض¨ÏòstdinºÍstdout 16-4. ±ÜÃâ×Óshell 16-5. whileÑ­»·µÄÖض¨Ïò 16-6. ÁíÒ»ÖÖwhileÑ­»·µÄÖض¨Ïò 16-7. untilÑ­»·Öض¨Ïò 16-8. forÑ­»·Öض¨Ïò 16-9. forÑ­»·Öض¨Ïò loop (½«±ê×¼ÊäÈëºÍ±ê×¼Êä³ö¶¼Öض¨ÏòÁË) 16-10. Öض¨Ïòif/then²âÊԽṹ 16-11. ÓÃÓÚÉÏÃæÀý×ÓµÄ"names.data"Êý¾ÝÎļþ 16-12. ¼Ç¼ÈÕ־ʼþ 17-1. ¹ã²¥: ·¢ËÍÏûÏ¢¸øÿ¸öµÇ¼ÉϵÄÓû§ 17-2. ·ÂÔìÎļþ: ´´½¨Ò»¸öÁ½ÐеķÂÔìÎļþ 17-3. ʹÓÃcatµÄ¶àÐÐÏûÏ¢ 17-4. ´øÓÐÒÖÖÆtab¹¦ÄܵĶàÐÐÏûÏ¢ 17-5. ʹÓòÎÊýÌæ»»µÄhere document 17-6. ÉÏ´«Ò»¸öÎļþ¶Ôµ½"Sunsite"µÄincomingĿ¼ 17-7. ¹Ø±Õ²ÎÊýÌæ»» 17-8. Ò»¸ö²úÉúÁíÍâÒ»¸ö½Å±¾µÄ½Å±¾ 17-9. Here documentsÓ뺯Êý 17-10. "ÄäÃû" here Document 17-11. ×¢Ê͵ôÒ»¶Î´úÂë¿é 17-12. Ò»¸ö×ÔÎĵµ»¯(self-documenting)µÄ½Å±¾ 17-13. ÔÚÒ»¸öÎļþµÄ¿ªÍ·Ìí¼ÓÎı¾ 20-1. ×ÓshellÖеıäÁ¿×÷ÓÃÓò 20-2. ÁгöÓû§µÄÅäÖÃÎļþ 20-3. ÔÚ×ÓshellÀï½øÐд®Ðд¦Àí 21-1. ÔÚÊÜÏÞµÄÇé¿öÏÂÔËÐнű¾ 23-1. ¼òµ¥º¯Êý 23-2. ´ø×ŲÎÊýµÄº¯Êý 23-3. º¯ÊýºÍ±»´«¸ø½Å±¾µÄÃüÁîÐвÎÊý 23-4. ´«µÝ¼ä½ÓÒýÓøøº¯Êý 23-5. ½â³ý´«µÝ¸øº¯ÊýµÄ²ÎÊýÒýÓà 23-6. Ôٴγ¢ÊÔ½â³ý´«µÝ¸øº¯ÊýµÄ²ÎÊýÒýÓà 23-7. Á½¸öÊýÖеÄ×î´óÕß 23-8. °ÑÊý×Öת»¯³ÉÂÞÂíÊý×Ö 23-9. ²âÊÔº¯Êý×î´óµÄ·µ»ØÖµ 23-10. ±È½ÏÁ½¸ö´óÕûÊý 23-11. Óû§ÃûµÄÕæʵÃû 23-12. ¾Ö²¿±äÁ¿µÄ¿É¼û·¶Î§ 23-13. Óþֲ¿±äÁ¿À´µÝ¹é 23-14. ººÅµËþ 24-1. ½Å±¾ÖеıðÃû 24-2. unalias: ÉèÖúÍɾ³ý±ðÃû 25-1. ʹÓÃ"ÓëÁбí(and list)"À´²âÊÔÃüÁîÐвÎÊý 25-2. ÓÃ"ÓëÁбí"µÄÁíÒ»¸öÃüÁîÐвÎÊý²âÊÔ 25-3. "»òÁбí"ºÍ"ÓëÁбí"µÄ½áºÏʹÓà 26-1. ¼òµ¥µÄÊý×éÓ÷¨ 26-2. ¸ñʽ»¯Ò»Ê×Ê« 26-3. ¶àÖÖÊý×é²Ù×÷ 26-4. ÓÃÓÚÊý×éµÄ×Ö·û´®²Ù×÷·û 26-5. ½«½Å±¾µÄÄÚÈÝ´«¸øÊý×é 26-6. һЩÊý×éרÓõŤ¾ß 26-7. ¹ØÓÚ¿ÕÊý×éºÍ¿ÕÊý×éÔªËØ 26-8. ³õʼ»¯Êý×é 26-9. ¸´ÖƺÍÁ¬½ÓÊý×é 26-10. ¹ØÓÚÁ¬½ÓÊý×éµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢ 26-11. һλÀÏÅóÓÑ: ðÅÝÅÅÐò 26-12. ÄÚǶÊý×éºÍ¼ä½ÓÒýÓà 26-13. ¸´ÔÓÊý×éÓ¦ÓÃ: °£À­ÍÐÉ«ÄáËØÊýɸ×Ó 26-14. Ä£ÄâÏÂÍƵĶÑÕ» 26-15. ¸´ÔÓµÄÊý×éÓ¦ÓÃ: ÁгöÒ»ÖÖ¹ÖÒìµÄÊýѧÐòÁÐ 26-16. Ä£Äâ¶þάÊý×é,²¢Ê¹ËüÇãб 27-1. ÀûÓÃ/dev/tcp À´¼ìÐÞ¹ÊÕÏ 27-2. ËÑË÷ÓëÒ»¸öPIDÏà¹ØµÄ½ø³Ì 27-3. ÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó״̬ 28-1. Òþ²Øcookie¶ø²»ÔÙʹÓà 28-2. ÓÃ/dev/zero´´½¨Ò»¸ö½»»»ÁÙʱÎļþ 28-3. ´´½¨ramdisk 29-1. Ò»¸ö´íÎóµÄ½Å±¾ 29-2. ¶ªÊ§¹Ø¼ü×Ö(keyword) 29-3. ÁíÒ»¸ö´íÎó½Å±¾ 29-4. ÓÃ"assert"²âÊÔÌõ¼þ 29-5. ²¶×½ exit 29-6. ÔÚControl-CºóÇå³ýÀ¬»ø 29-7. ¸ú×Ù±äÁ¿ 29-8. ÔËÐжà½ø³Ì (ÔڶദÀíÆ÷µÄ»úÆ÷Àï) 31-1. Êý×ÖºÍ×Ö·û´®±È½ÏÊDz»ÏàµÈͬµÄ 31-2. ×ÓSHELLȱÏÝ 31-3. °ÑechoµÄÊä³öÓùܵÀÊäË͸øreadÃüÁî 33-1. shell °ü×° 33-2. ÉÔ΢¸´ÔÓһЩµÄshell°ü×° 33-3. дµ½ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄshell°ü×° 33-4. °ü×°awkµÄ½Å±¾ 33-5. ÁíÒ»¸ö°ü×°awkµÄ½Å±¾ 33-6. °ÑPerlǶÈëBash½Å±¾ 33-7. Bash ºÍ Perl ½Å±¾ÁªºÏʹÓà 33-8. µÝ¹éµ÷ÓÃ×Ô¼º±¾ÉíµÄ(ÎÞÓÃ)½Å±¾ 33-9. µÝ¹éµ÷ÓÃ×Ô¼º±¾ÉíµÄ(ÓÐÓÃ)½Å±¾ 33-10. ÁíÒ»¸öµÝ¹éµ÷ÓÃ×Ô¼º±¾ÉíµÄ(ÓÐÓÃ)½Å±¾ 33-11. Ò»¸ö "²ÊÉ«µÄ" µØÖ·×ÊÁÏ¿â 33-12. »­ºÐ×Ó 33-13. ÏÔʾ²ÊÉ«Îı¾ 33-14. "ÈüÂí" ÓÎÏ· 33-15. ·µ»ØÖµ¼¼ÇÉ 33-16. ÕûÐÍ»¹ÊÇstring? 33-17. ´«µÝºÍ·µ»ØÊý×é 33-18. anagramsÓÎÏ· 33-19. ÔÚshell½Å±¾Öе÷ÓõĴ°¿Ú²¿¼þ 34-1. ×Ö·û´®À©Õ¹ 34-2. ¼ä½Ó±äÁ¿ÒýÓà - з½·¨ 34-3. ʹÓüä½Ó±äÁ¿ÒýÓõļòµ¥Êý¾Ý¿âÓ¦Óà 34-4. ÓÃÊý×éºÍÆäËûµÄС¼¼ÇÉÀ´´¦ÀíËÄÈËËæ»ú´òÅÆ A-1. mailformat: Formatting an e-mail message A-2. rn: A simple-minded file rename utility A-3. blank-rename: renames filenames containing blanks A-4. encryptedpw: Uploading to an ftp site, using a locally encrypted password A-5. copy-cd: Copying a data CD A-6. Collatz series A-7. days-between: Calculate number of days between two dates A-8. Make a "dictionary" A-9. Soundex conversion A-10. "Game of Life" A-11. Data file for "Game of Life" A-12. behead: Removing mail and news message headers A-13. ftpget: Downloading files via ftp A-14. password: Generating random 8-character passwords A-15. fifo: Making daily backups, using named pipes A-16. Generating prime numbers using the modulo operator A-17. tree: Displaying a directory tree A-18. string functions: C-like string functions A-19. Directory information A-20. Object-oriented database A-21. Library of hash functions A-22. Colorizing text using hash functions A-23. Mounting USB keychain storage devices A-24. Preserving weblogs A-25. Protecting literal strings A-26. Unprotecting literal strings A-27. Spammer Identification A-28. Spammer Hunt A-29. Making wget easier to use A-30. A "podcasting" script A-31. Basics Reviewed A-32. An expanded cd command C-1. Counting Letter Occurrences K-1. Sample .bashrc file L-1. VIEWDATA.BAT: DOS Batch File L-2. viewdata.sh: Shell Script Conversion of VIEWDATA.BAT P-1. Print the server environment µÚÒ»²¿·Ö ÈÈÉí ++++++++++++++++ shellÊÇÒ»¸öÃüÁî½âÊÍÆ÷.ÊǽéÓÚ²Ù×÷ϵͳkernelÓëÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÒ»¸ö¾øÔµ²ã.׼ȷµØ˵,ËüÒ²ÊÇÒ» Ò»ÖÖÇ¿Á¦µÄ¼ÆËã»úÓïÑÔ.Ò»¸öshell³ÌÐò,±»³ÆΪһ¸ö½Å±¾,ÊÇÒ»ÖÖºÜÈÝÒ×ʹÓõŤ¾ß,Ëü¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý ½«ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃ,¹«¹²³ÌÐò,¹¤¾ß,ºÍ±àÒë¹ýµÄ¶þ½øÖƳÌÐòÕ³ºÏÔÚÒ»ÆðÀ´½¨Á¢Ó¦ÓÃ.ÊÂʵÉÏ,ËùÓеÄUNIX ÃüÁîºÍ¹¤¾ßÔÙ¼ÓÉϹ«¹²³ÌÐò,¶ÔÓÚshell½Å±¾À´Ëµ,¶¼Êǿɵ÷ÓõÄ.Èç¹ûÕâЩÄ㻹¾õµÃ²»¹»,ÄÇô shellÄÚ½¨ÃüÁî,±ÈÈçtestÓëÑ­»·½á¹¹,Ò²»á¸ø½Å±¾Ìí¼ÓÇ¿Á¦µÄÖ§³ÖºÍÔö¼ÓÁé»îÐÔ.Shell½Å±¾¶ÔÓÚ ¹ÜÀíϵͳÈÎÎñºÍÆäËüµÄÖظ´¹¤×÷µÄÀý³ÌÀ´Ëµ,±íÏֵķdz£ºÃ,¸ù±¾²»ÐèÒªÄÇЩ»ª¶ø²»ÊµµÄ³ÉÊì ½ô´ÕµÄ³ÌÐòÓïÑÔ. µÚ1Õ ΪʲôʹÓÃshell±à³Ì =========================== ûÓгÌÐòÓïÑÔÊÇÍêÃÀµÄ.ÉõÖÁûÓÐÒ»¸öΨһ×îºÃµÄÓïÑÔ,Ö»ÓжÔÓÚÌض¨Ä¿µÄ,±È½ÏÊʺϺͲ»ÊÊºÏ µÄ³ÌÐòÓïÑÔ. Herbert Mayer ¶ÔÓÚÈκÎÏëÊʵ±¾«Í¨Ò»Ð©ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí֪ʶµÄÈËÀ´Ëµ,ÕÆÎÕshell½Å±¾ÖªÊ¶¶¼ÊÇ×î»ù±¾µÄ,¼´Ê¹ÕâЩ ÈË¿ÉÄܲ¢²»´òËãÕæÕýµÄ±àдһЩ½Å±¾.ÏëÒ»ÏÂLinux»úÆ÷µÄÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì,ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖÐ,±Ø½«ÔËÐÐ /etc/rc.dĿ¼ÏµĽű¾À´´æ´¢ÏµÍ³ÅäÖúͽ¨Á¢·þÎñ.ÏêϸµÄÀí½âÕâЩÆô¶¯½Å±¾¶ÔÓÚ·ÖÎöϵͳµÄ ÐÐΪÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ,²¢ÇÒÓÐʱºò¿ÉÄܱØÐëÐÞ¸ÄËü. ѧϰÈçºÎ±àдshell½Å±¾²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¼þºÜÀ§ÄѵÄÊÂ,ÒòΪ½Å±¾¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪºÜСµÄ¿é,²¢ÇÒÏà¶ÔÓÚshell ÌØÐԵIJÙ×÷ºÍÑ¡Ïî[1]²¿·Ö,Ö»ÐèҪѧϰºÜСµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË.Óï·¨ÊǼòµ¥²¢ÇÒÖ±¹ÛµÄ,±àд½Å ±¾ºÜÏñÊÇÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏ°ÑһЩÏà¹ØÃüÁîºÍ¹¤¾ßÁ¬½ÓÆðÀ´,²¢ÇÒÖ»ÓкÜÉÙµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¹æÔòÐèҪѧϰ. ¾ø´ó²¿·Ö½Å±¾µÚÒ»´Î¾Í¿ÉÒÔÕý³£µÄ¹¤×÷,¶øÇÒ¼´Ê¹µ÷ÊÔÒ»¸ö³¤Ò»Ð©µÄ½Å±¾Ò²ÊǺÜÖ±¹ÛµÄ. Ò»¸öshell½Å±¾ÊÇÒ»¸öÀàËÆÓÚС³ÔµêµÄ(quick and dirty)·½·¨,ÔÚÄãʹÓÃÔ­ÐÍÉè¼ÆÒ»¸ö¸´ÔÓµÄ Ó¦ÓõÄʱºò.ÔÚ¹¤³Ì¿ª·¢µÄµÚÒ»½×¶Î,¼´Ê¹´Ó¹¦ÄÜÖÐÈ¡µÃºÜÓÐÏÞµÄÒ»¸ö×Ó¼¯·Åµ½shell½Å±¾ÖÐÀ´ Íê³ÉÍùÍù¶¼ÊǷdz£ÓÐÓõÄ.ʹÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨,³ÌÐòµÄ½á¹û¿ÉÒÔ±»²âÊԺͳ¢ÊÔÔËÐÐ,²¢ÇÒÔÚ´¦ÀíʹÓà ÖîÈçC/C++,Java»òÕßPerlÓïÑÔ±àдµÄ×îÖÕ´úÂëÇ°,Ö÷ÒªµÄȱÏݺÍÏÝÚåÍùÍù¾Í±»·¢ÏÖÁË. Shell½Å±¾×ñÑ­µäÐ͵ÄUNIXÕÜѧ,¾ÍÊÇ°Ñ´óµÄ¸´ÔӵŤ³Ì·Ö³ÉС¹æÄ£µÄ×ÓÈÎÎñ,²¢ÇÒ°ÑÕâЩ²¿¼þ ºÍ¹¤¾ß×éºÏÆðÀ´.Ðí¶àÈËÈÏΪÕâÖÖ°ì·¨¸üºÃһЩ,ÖÁÉÙÕâÖÖ°ì·¨±ÈʹÓÃÄÇÖÖ¸ß\´ó\È«µÄÓïÑÔ¸ü ÃÀ,¸üÓäÔÃ,¸üÊʺϽâ¾öÎÊÌâ.±ÈÈçPerl¾ÍÊÇÕâÖÖÄܸÉÈκÎÊÂÄÜÊʺÏÈκÎÈ˵ÄÓïÑÔ,µ«ÊÇ´ú¼Û¾ÍÊÇ ÄãÐèҪǿÆÈ×Ô¼ºÊ¹ÓÃÕâÖÖÓïÑÔÀ´Ë¼¿¼½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄ°ì·¨. ʲôʱºò²»Ê¹ÓÃShell½Å±¾ ×ÊÔ´Ãܼ¯Ð͵ÄÈÎÎñ,ÓÈÆäÔÚÐèÒª¿¼ÂÇЧÂÊʱ(±ÈÈç,ÅÅÐò,hashµÈµÈ) ÐèÒª´¦Àí´óÈÎÎñµÄÊýѧ²Ù×÷,ÓÈÆäÊǸ¡µãÔËËã,¾«È·ÔËËã,»òÕ߸´ÔÓµÄËãÊõÔËËã (ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÒ»°ãʹÓÃC++»òFORTRANÀ´´¦Àí) Óпçƽ̨ÒÆÖ²ÐèÇó(Ò»°ãʹÓÃC»òJava) ¸´ÔÓµÄÓ¦ÓÃ,ÔÚ±ØÐëʹÓýṹ»¯±à³ÌµÄʱºò(ÐèÒª±äÁ¿µÄÀàÐͼì²é,º¯ÊýÔ­ÐÍ,µÈµÈ) ¶ÔÓÚÓ°Ïìϵͳȫ¾ÖÐԵĹؼüÈÎÎñÓ¦Óᣠ¶ÔÓÚ°²È«ÓкܸßÒªÇóµÄÈÎÎñ,±ÈÈçÄãÐèÒªÒ»¸ö½¡×³µÄϵͳÀ´·ÀÖ¹ÈëÇÖ,Æƽâ,¶ñÒâÆÆ»µµÈµÈ. ÏîÄ¿ÓÉÁ¬´®µÄÒÀÀµµÄ¸÷¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É¡£ ÐèÒª´ó¹æÄ£µÄÎļþ²Ù×÷ ÐèÒª¶àάÊý×éµÄÖ§³Ö ÐèÒªÊý¾Ý½á¹¹µÄÖ§³Ö,±ÈÈçÁ´±í»òÊýµÈÊý¾Ý½á¹¹ ÐèÒª²úÉú»ò²Ù×÷ͼÐλ¯½çÃæGUI ÐèÒªÖ±½Ó²Ù×÷ϵͳӲ¼þ ÐèÒªI/O»òsocket½Ó¿Ú ÐèҪʹÓÿâ»òÕßÒÅÁôÏÂÀ´µÄÀÏ´úÂëµÄ½Ó¿Ú ˽È˵Ä,±ÕÔ´µÄÓ¦ÓÃ(shell½Å±¾°Ñ´úÂë¾Í·ÅÔÚÎı¾ÎļþÖÐ,È«ÊÀ½ç¶¼ÄÜ¿´µ½) Èç¹ûÄãµÄÓ¦Ó÷ûºÏÉϱߵÄÈÎÒâÒ»Ìõ,ÄÇô¾Í¿¼ÂÇһϸüÇ¿´óµÄÓïÑÔ°É--»òÐíÊÇPerl,Tcl,Python, Ruby -- »òÕßÊǸü¸ß²ã´ÎµÄ±àÒëÓïÑÔ±ÈÈçC/C++,»òÕßÊÇJava.¼´Ê¹Èç´Ë,Äã»á·¢ÏÖ,ʹÓÃshell À´Ô­ÐÍ¿ª·¢ÄãµÄÓ¦ÓÃ,ÔÚ¿ª·¢²½ÖèÖÐÒ²ÊǷdz£ÓÐÓõÄ. ÎÒÃǽ«¿ªÊ¼Ê¹ÓÃBash,BashÊÇ"Bourne-Again shell"Ê××ÖĸµÄËõд,Ò²ÊÇStephen BourneµÄ¾­µä µÄBourne shellµÄÒ»¸öË«¹ØÓï,(ÒëÕß:˵ʵ»°,ÎÒÒ»Ö±¸ã²»ÇåÕâ¸öË«¹ØÓïÊÇʲôÒâ˼,Ϊʲô½Ð "Bourn-Again shell",ÕâÆäÖÐÓ¦¸ÃÓиöʲôµä¹Ê°É,ÄÄλºÃÐÄ,¸æËßÎÒÒ»ÏÂ^^).BashÒѾ­³ÉΪÁË ËùÓÐUNIXÖÐshell½Å±¾µÄÊÂʵÉϵıê×¼ÁË.ͬʱÕâ±¾ÊéÒ²¸²¸ÇÁ˾ø´ó²¿·ÖµÄÆäËûһЩshellµÄÔ­ Ôò,±ÈÈçKorn Shell,Bash´ÓkshÖм̳ÐÁËÒ»²¿·ÖÌØÐÔ,[2]C ShellºÍËüµÄ±äÖÖ.(×¢Òâ:C Shell ±à³ÌÊDz»±»ÍƼöµÄ,ÒòΪһЩÌض¨µÄÄÚÔÚÎÊÌâ,Tom ChristiansenÔÚ1993Äê10ÔÂÖ¸³öÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ ÇëÔÚhttp://www.etext.org/Quartz/computer/unix/csh.harmful.gzÖв鿴¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝ.) ½ÓÏÂÀ´Êǽű¾µÄһЩ˵Ã÷.ÔÚչʾshell²»Í¬µÄÌØÕ÷֮ǰ,Ëü¿ÉÒÔ¼õÇáһЩÔĶÁÊéÖÐÀý×Ó µÄ¸ºµ£.±¾ÊéÖеÄÀý×ӽű¾,¶¼ÔÚ¾¡¿ÉÄܵķ¶Î§ÄÚ½øÐÐÁ˲âÊÔ,²¢ÇÒÆäÖеÄһЩ½«Ê¹ÓÃÔÚÕæ ʵµÄÉú»îÖÐ.¶ÁÕß¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÕâЩÀý×ӽű¾(ʹÓÃscriptname.sh»òÕßscriptname.bashµÄÐÎʽ), [3]²¢¸øÕâЩ½Å±¾Ö´ÐÐȨÏÞ(chmod u+rx scriptname),È»ºóÖ´ÐÐËüÃÇ,¿´¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲô.Èç¹û´æ µµµÄ½Å±¾²»¿ÉÓÃ,ÄÇô¾Í´Ó±¾ÊéµÄHTML,pdf»òÕßtextµÄ·¢Ðа汾ÖаÑËüÃÇ¿½±´Õ³Ìù³öÀ´.¿¼Âǵ½ ÕâЩ½Å±¾ÖеÄÄÚÈÝÔÚÎÒÃÇ»¹Ã»½âÊÍËü֮ǰ¾Í±»ÁÐÔÚÕâÀï,¿ÉÄÜ»áÓ°Ïì¶ÁÕßµÄÀí½â,Õâ¾ÍÐèÒª¶ÁÕß ÔÝʱºöÂÔÕâЩÄÚÈÝ. ³ý·ÇÌرð×¢Ã÷,±¾Êé×÷Õß±àдÁ˱¾ÊéÖеľø´ó²¿·ÖÀý×ӽű¾. ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî: [1] ÕâЩÔÚbuiltinsÕ½ڱ»ÒýÓÃ,ÕâЩÊÇshellµÄÄÚ²¿ÌØÕ÷. [2] ksh88µÄÐí¶àÌØÐÔ,ÉõÖÁÊÇһЩksh93µÄÌØÐÔ¶¼±»ºÏ²¢µ½BashÖÐÁË. [3] ¸ù¾Ý¹ßÀý,Óû§±àдµÄBourne shell½Å±¾Ó¦¸ÃÔڽű¾µÄÃû×Öºó±ß¼ÓÉÏ.shÀ©Õ¹Ãû. һЩϵͳ½Å±¾,±ÈÈçÄÇЩÔÚ/etc/rc.dÖеĽű¾,Ôò²»×ñÑ­ÕâÖÖÃüÃûÏ°¹ß. µÚ2Õ ´ø×ÅÒ»¸öSha-Bang³ö·¢(Sha-BangÖ¸µÄÊÇ#!) ============================================== ÔÚÒ»¸ö×î¼òµ¥µÄÀý×ÓÖÐ,Ò»¸öshell½Å±¾Æäʵ¾ÍÊǽ«Ò»¶ÑϵͳÃüÁîÁÐÔÚÒ»¸öÎļþÖÐ.ËüµÄ×î»ù±¾µÄ Óô¦¾ÍÊÇ,ÔÚÄãÿ´ÎÊäÈëÕâЩÌض¨Ë³ÐòµÄÃüÁîʱ¿ÉÒÔÉÙÇÃһЩ×Ö. Example 2-1 Çå³ý:Çå³ý/var/logϵÄlogÎļþ ################################Start Script#################################### ### 1 # Cleanup 2 # µ±È»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃrootÉí·ÝÀ´ÔËÐÐÕâ¸ö½Å±¾ 3 4 cd /var/log 5 cat /dev/null > messages 6 cat /dev/null > wtmp 7 echo "Logs cleaned up." ################################End Script###################################### ### Õâ¸ù±¾¾ÍûʲôϡÆæµÄ, Ö»²»¹ýÊÇÃüÁîµÄ¶Ñ»ý, À´ÈôÓconsole»òÕßxtermÖÐÒ»¸öÒ»¸öµÄÊäÈëÃü Áî¸ü·½±ãһЩ.ºÃ´¦¾ÍÊÇ°ÑËùÓÐÃüÁ·ÅÔÚÒ»¸ö½Å±¾ÖÐ,²»ÓÃÿ´Î¶¼ÇÃËüÃÇ.ÕâÑùµÄ»°,¶ÔÓÚÌض¨ µÄÓ¦ÓÃÀ´Ëµ,Õâ¸ö½Å±¾¾ÍºÜÈÝÒ×±»Ð޸Ļò¶¨ÖÆ. Example 2-2 Çå³ý:Ò»¸ö¸ÄÁ¼µÄÇå³ý½Å±¾ ################################Start Script#################################### ### 1 #!/bin/bash 2 # Ò»¸öBash½Å±¾µÄÕýÈ·µÄ¿ªÍ·²¿·Ö. 3 4 # Cleanup, °æ±¾ 2 5 6 # µ±È»ÒªÊ¹ÓÃrootÉí·ÝÀ´ÔËÐÐ. 7 # ÔÚ´Ë´¦²åÈë´úÂë,À´´òÓ¡´íÎóÏûÏ¢,²¢ÇÒÔÚ²»ÊÇrootÉí·ÝµÄʱºòÍ˳ö. 8 9 LOG_DIR=/var/log 10 # Èç¹ûʹÓñäÁ¿,µ±È»±È°Ñ´úÂëдËÀµÄºÃ. 11 cd $LOG_DIR 12 13 cat /dev/null > messages 14 cat /dev/null > wtmp 15 16 17 echo "Logs cleaned up." 18 19 uploads/Management/ abs-guide.pdf

Documents similaires

Advanced Bash−Scripting Guide A complete guide to shell scripting, using Bash M 0 0

• Détails
• Publié le Apv 01, 2021
• Catégorie Management
• Langue French
• Taille du fichier 0.6627MB