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Pronunciation Guide The Good News: There aren’t any “silent” letters in Latin.

Pronunciation Guide The Good News: There aren’t any “silent” letters in Latin. However, . . . Nota Bene: It is important to distinguish the long and short vowels in Latin to avoid confusion such as we would have in English if we mispronounced din as dean or debt as date. Therefore, it is imperative that you learn the “length” of the vowels along with the spelling of the word. In addition, although you may be more familiar with “Church Latin” pronunciation (which is closer to Italian, French, English, Spanish pronunciations), we will be focusing on the “Vulgate Latin” pronunciation. Vowels In Latin, as in English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, u. Each of the Latin vowels may be pronounced long or short, the difference being one of time. This is called quantity. There is also a difference of sound between the long and the short vowels, except a. This is called quality. Long Vowels Short Vowels ā as in fāther: fāmā clārā a as in ah ē as in thēy rēgina stēlla e as in let ī as in polīce vīta amīcus i as in sit ō as in nōte fōrma nōn o as in for ū as in rūle dūra cūra u as in full Some Helpful Hints I) Long Vowels are usually marked with a macron (), whereas short vowels are left unmarked. II) A vowel is usually short before another vowel or h (because h is weakly sounded). III) A vowel is short before nt, nd, final m and t, and usually final r. IV) A vowel is long before a double consonant (except nt and nd) as in magister. Diphthongs The first three of the following diphthongs (two vowels making one sound) are the most common ones. ae like ai in aisle: praeda ei like ei in freight au like ou in out: nauta eu like eh-oo (pronounced quickly) oe like oi in oil: poena ue like oo-ee (pronounced quickly) only in cui and huic Consonants Nota Bene: Basically, consonants are pronounced in Latin as they are in English. However, . . . b before s or t has the same sound as p: subscribo subterraneus c is always hard as in cat (never soft as in city): carrus g is always hard as in go (never soft as in gem): magna i (consonant) has the sound of y in year; (i is a consonant when it occurs between vowels and at the beginning of a word before a vowel. In essence, it evolved into the modern j: ieiunus iniuria Iuppiter s always has the sound of s in sin (never the s in these): insula t always has the sound of t in ten (never the t in motion): gratus v has the sound of w in will (never the v in vigor): via x has the sound of x in extra (never the x in exaggerate): expecto ch has the sound of k in Christina (never the ch in child): Magna Charta ph has the sound of p in pillow (never the ph in phone): philosophia th has the sound of t in thyme (never the th in thing): theatrum Nota Bene: I Double consonants are pronounced separately, i.e., bel-lum. II qu forms a single consonant and the u is not a vowel in this combination Syllables Every Latin word has as many syllables as it has vowels or diphthongs: vir-tu- te, proe-li-um. A single consonant between two vowels or diphthongs is pronounced with the second: fi-li-us, a-git. Usually, when two or more consonants occur between vowels or diphthongs, the division is made before the last consonant: por-tus, vinc-ti uploads/Management/ pronunciation-guide 1 .pdf