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pg. n/a On the Common-Link Theory Fahad A. Alhomoudi The faeulty of arts Instit

pg. n/a On the Common-Link Theory Fahad A. Alhomoudi The faeulty of arts Institute of Islamie Studies MeGili University Montreal, Quebee, Canada Oetober, 4, 2006 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doetor of Philosophy ©Copyright 2006 Ali rights reserved. i 1+1 Library and Archives Canada Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Published Heritage Branch Direction du Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada NOTICE: The author has granted a non- exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or non- commercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. ln compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms may have been removed from this thesis. While these forms may be included in the document page cou nt, their removal does not represent any loss of content from the thesis. • •• Canada AVIS: Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-27750-8 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-27750-8 L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou autres formats. L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la protection de la vie privée, quelques formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de cette thèse. Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. ABSTRACT The Common-Link Theory, invented by Joseph Schacht and widely accepted in modern sCholarship, argues that i}adith authorities knowingly and purposefully placed traditions in circulation with little care to support these i}adiths with satisfactory isniid;. G. H. A. Juynboll, Michael Cook and other Schachtians subsequently embraced and elaborated upon this theory. This dissertation challenges the accuracy of Schacht's founding theory. The first chapter traces back and elucidates the formation of Schacht's Common-Link Theory, demonstrating how itis related to his other theories. The second chapter examines the responses to Schacht's theory, arguing that its proponents do no more th an either expand upon it, or apply it to other fields of Islamic studies. The third chapter employs a critical technique in examining the evidence cited by Schacht and Juynboll, which not only shows the theory's deficiency, but also confirms its flawed nature by the very evidence they use. Two other critical approaches are demonstrated in the fourth chapter. The tirst rests on an analysis of relevant terms and rules employed by muiJaddiths, thereby offering a workable alternative to Schacht's faulty hypothesis. The second demonstrates the flaws of Schacht's methodology through a synthesis of multiple critiques developed here as weil as by other scholars. The last chapter elucidates ii how Sehaeht's other theories would eollapse as a result of the faultiness of the Common-Link Theory. Beeause of theintereonneetedness of Sehaeht's many theses about 1;adJth and Islamie law, the findings of this dissertation will not only challenge the signifieant Common-Link Theory in legal1;adJth studies, but will, perforee, also open the door for seholars to question other important theories held by Sehaeht and his followers with regard to larger issues in Islamie legal history. iii ABRÉGÉ Dans sa théorie du common-link (lien commun), Joseph Schacht soutient que les compilateurs de hadith faisant autorité ont sciemment et délibérément propagé des traditions dont l'excellence des chaînes de transmission pouvait être mise en doute. Ce point de vue a subséquemment trouvé de nombreux adhérents parmi les orientalistes. G. H. A. Juynboll, Michael Cook et d'autres ont épousé les vues de Schacht et ont su en tirer d'autres applications. Dans la présente thèse, nous contestons la justesse de la théorie de Schacht. Dans le premier chapitre, nous retraçons et élucidons la manière dont la théorie du common-link de Schacht s'est formée, en démontrant comment celle- ci s'articule avec les autres théories de Schacht. Nous examinons ensuite dans le deuxième chapitre comment la thèse de Schacht a été reçue; nous découvrons que certains de ses adeptes ont simplement développé les idées d'une théorie en fait inexploitable, et que d'autres les ont bonnement reprises et appliquées à des domaines différents des études islamiques. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous critiquons la théorie du common-/ink en utilisant une technique qui consiste à retourner les preuves avancées par Schacht et Juynboll contre eHes- mêmes, montrant et confirmant dans le même jet leur faiblesse et leurs défauts. Nous faisons la démonstration de deux autres approches critiques dans le quatrième chapitre. La première repose sur une analyse des notions et des iv règles pertinentes employées par les muhaddiths, introduisant ainsi une autre solution à J'hypothèse erronée de Schacht. La deuxième approche fait la démonstration des points faibles de la méthodologie de Schacht en récapitulant une série des points critiques que nous et d'autres chercheurs ont fait valoir. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, nous expliquons comment la fausseté de la théorie du common-link a pour conséquence de faire s'écrouler les autres théories de Schacht. En raison de l'interdépendance des diverses thèses de Schacht se rapportant aux hadith et au droit islamique, nos conclusions mettent non seulement en doute l'importante théorie du common-link dans l'étude des hadith à portée juridique, mais aussi elles ouvrent la porte aux chercheurs de questionner d'autres influentes théories soutenues par Schacht et ses adeptes concernant des sujets plus larges de l'histoire du droit islamique. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, 1 would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my advisor and thesis supervisor, Prof essor Wael B. Hallaq, who provided much inteHectual stimulation and guidance in choosing my research topic and refming my approach and methodology. His precious comments were invaluable in helping the work reach its fmal presentable form. A vital skill that 1 learned from him was how to address the challenge oftaking on multiple responsibitities at one and the same time. Besides my courses and thesis work, he trained me as his teaching assistant, then as a lecturer at McGill, aH the white supervising other research projects that 1 undertook during my stay at McGill. Above and beyond the level of academic concems, Professor Hallaq was exceedingly kind and helpful, to an extent that made me feel as ifI, along with my fellow students working under him, was part of one family. His support never wavered, and his help extended beyond the academic. 1 would also like to thank the faculty members of the Institute ofIslamic Studies, especially Professor Eric Ormsby, who taught me Islamic philosophy and mysticisrn; Prof essor Üner Turgay, from whom 1 have learned much about modem developments in the Muslim world, and who supported me during his tenure as Director of the Institute; Prof essor Adam Gacek, who taught me how to painstakingly read and edit manuscripts; Prof essor Michelle Hartman for providing me with many tips on teaching techniques while 1 was her Teaching Assistant; and the CUITent direct or of the Institute, Prof essor Robert Wisnovsky, for his support and advice. My thanksextend also to the entire staff of the Institute, especially Da",n Richard,who told me on the first day 1 arrived in Montreal that 1 had a Canadian mother; and Ann Yaxley for always 100 king out for me and doing everything possible to make the courses that 1 took or taught run smoothly and on schedule. Also, 1 would like to thank Kirsty Mckinnon and Sandra Ewart for their very much appreciated and never- ending moral support. 1 also thank the staff of the Islamic Studies Library especially Salwa Ferahian and Wayne St. Thomas, for their patient and unfailing assistance in locating library materials, providing research guidance and for their constant smiles and cheerfulness. vi During my stay in Montreal, 1 met a great many friends who made me feel at home. 1 cannot list them aU, but 1 would at least like to mention Charles Fletcher and Simon Staszewski. Few words can describe my debt to Steve Millier who meticulously edited my dissertation. My thanks extend likewise to Gregory Mack and Natalie Komitsky for editing the first draft of my thesis, and to Heather Empey for proof- reading the last draft. 1 am especially grateful to Gregory for his dedication and friendship. 1 would also like to express my deepest thanks to Muhamad Aisalim, the principal ofImam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, and his vice-principal Muhammad Alruwbaiya for their unfailing support. My thanks likewise go to Ghazi Makki, Ahmad Mitwalli, Yahya Khazraji, and Nuha Nasser at the Saudi Cultural Bureau, for their unfailing cooperation. uploads/Philosophie/ common-link-refutation.pdf