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Biodiesel the sustainablility dimensions

Biodiesel ATTRA The Sustainability Dimensions A Publication of ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service ? - - - ? www attra ncat org By Al Kurki Amanda Hill and Mike Morris NCAT Program Specialists ? NCAT Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel This publication surveys many dimensions of biodiesel production and use Net energy balance sustainable bioenergy crops scale of production consumer access and the economics of biodiesel are all critical when discussing a sustainable energy future for this country Above all increased fuel ef ?ciency and increased diesel engine use in the United States will be needed in order for biodiesel to become a meaningful part of our energy future Contents Introduction Background and Context Qualities and Quantities of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Feedstocks Conclusion References Sun owers Photo courtesy of USDA ARS ATTRA ??National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service is managed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology NCAT and is funded under a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture ? s Rural Business- Cooperative Service Visit the NCAT Web site www ncat org agri html for more information on our sustainable agriculture projects Introduction Biodiesel o ?ers well-publicized environmental economic and national security bene ?ts Biodiesel combustion emits fewer regulated and non-regulated pollutants than petrodiesel with the possible exception of nitrogen oxides Further its lubricity extends engine life and it is a biodegradable product Biodiesel could bene ?t farmers and rural communities depending on ownership of production facilities and the mix and marketability of useful co-products And biodiesel could reduce dependence on foreign oil and associated uctuations in availability and price This publication addresses the sustainability dimensions of biodiesel production and use These dimensions include the net energy balance of biodiesel relative to other fuels and the link between raising bioenergy crops and sustainable soil- building practices Other considerations include the qualities of di ?erent biodiesel feedstocks and the economics of production and use This publication also raises other issues such as access scale and ownership of production co-product development and the extent to which biodiesel and other biofuels can e ?ectively replace petroleum fuels All dimensions of biodiesel production and use are fundamentally intertwined with each other and with the topic of environmental sustainablility To isolate and address any single aspect of biodiesel invites reference to others CRelated ATTRA Publications Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Wastes Factors to Consider Biodiesel ??a Primer E ?cient Agricultural Buildings an Overview Solar-Powered Livestock Watering Systems Wind-powered Electric Systems for Homes Farms and Ranches Resources Organic Soybean Production Sustainable Corn and Soybean Production Oilseed Processing for Small- Scale Producers Moving Beyond Conventional Cash Cropping Page ATTRA Background and Context The Bigger Picture The United States consumes transportation fuels at an extremely high rate per capita compared to other industrialized countries In for example gallons of petroleum transportation fuels were expended for every man woman and child in this country ??compared to gallons per capita in Canada gallons in Germany and gallons in Japan Two major policy and practical