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Ee 6 APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW Employee Empowerment An Integrative Psychological Approach Sanjay T Menon Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA Une approche psychologique globale de la prise de pouvoir des salarie? s a e? te? de? veloppe? e e

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW Employee Empowerment An Integrative Psychological Approach Sanjay T Menon Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA Une approche psychologique globale de la prise de pouvoir des salarie? s a e? te? de? veloppe? e en partant du principe que l'expe? rience psychologique du pouvoir soutient les sentiments de prise de pouvoir Cette recherche e? largit les perspectives existantes sur la prise de pouvoir en incorporant les e ?ets d'objectifs valorise? s tels que ceux fournis par le leadership transformationnel L'internalisation des objectifs a e? te? identi ?e? e comme e? le? ment majeur de l'expe? rience psychologique de la prise de pouvoir s'ajoutant ainsi aux aspects plus traditionnelsque sont la perception de la ma? Ã trise de l'environnement de travail et celle d'e ?cacite? personnelle ou de compe? tence Des proce? dures de mesures standards sur un e? chantillon de salarie? s du Que? bec Canada et la validation ulte? rieure par un e? chantillon d'organisation de l'Ontario Canada ont fourni une e? chelle aÁ trois facteurs de la prise de pouvoir psychologique correspondant aÁ ces trois dimensions Les implications d'une de? ?nition de la prise de pouvoir comme e? tat psychologique et la ne? cessite? de mesures multiples de la prise de pouvoir sont aussi de? battues An integrative psychological approach to employee empowerment was developed based on the premise that the psychological experience of power underlies feelings of empowerment This research extends existing perspectives on empowerment by incorporating the empowering e ?ect of valued goals such as those provided by transformational leadership Goal internalisation was identi ?ed as a major component of the psychological experience of empowerment in addition to the two traditional facets of perceptions of control over the work environment and perceptions of self-e ?cacy or competence Standard measure development procedures using a sample of employed individuals from Quebec Canada and subsequent validation with an organisational sample from Ontario Canada yielded a three-factor scale of psychological empowerment corresponding to these three dimensions The implications of de ?ning empowerment as a psychological state and the need for multiple measures of empowerment are also discussed Address for correspondence and requests for the French language version of the scale items Dr Sanjay T Menon Faculty of Organisational Studies Clarkson University Box Potsdam NY USA Email menons clarkson edu This article which is partly based on the author's doctoral dissertation was conducted in English and French ? International Association for Applied Psychology Published by Blackwell Publishers Cowley Road Oxford OX JF UK and Main Street Malden MA USA C MENON INTRODUCTION Workplace empowerment has been hailed as the major new industrial weapon against domestic and international threats Mathes Shipper Manz While the word empowerment'' is relatively new the notion of granting work-related decision-making authority to employees as a means of enhancing performance is not altogether new in the management literature The concept of job enrichment through vertical loading Hackman Oldham Herzberg Mausner Snyderman and managerial practices such as delegation have long had currency among management scholars But