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Bean plots pdf correspondEnce ? Nature America Inc All rights reserved BoxPlotR a web tool for generation of box plots To the Editor In biomedical research it is often necessary to compare multiple data sets with di ?erent distributions The bar plot or hi

correspondEnce ? Nature America Inc All rights reserved BoxPlotR a web tool for generation of box plots To the Editor In biomedical research it is often necessary to compare multiple data sets with di ?erent distributions The bar plot or histogram is typically used to compare data sets on the basis of simple statistical measures usually the mean with s d or s e m However summary statistics alone may fail to convey underlying di ?erences in the structure of the primary data Fig a which may in turn lead to erroneous conclusions The box plot also known as the box-and- whisker plot represents both the summary statistics and the distribution of the primary data The box plot thus enables visualization of the minimum lower quartile median upper quartile and maximum of any data set Fig b The ?rst documented description of a box plot ??like graph by Spear de ?ned a range bar to show the median and interquartile range IQR or middle of a data set with whiskers extended to minimum and maximum values The most common implementation of the box plot as de ?ned by Tukey has a box that represents the IQR with whiskers that extend times the IQR from the box edges it also allows for identi ?cation of outliers in the data set Whiskers can also be de ?ned to span the central range of the data Other variations including bean plots and violin plots reveal additional details of the data distribution These latter variants are less statistically informative but allow better visualization of the data distribution such as bimodality Fig b that may be hidden in a standard box plot Despite the obvious advantages of the box plot for simultaneous representation of data set and statistical parameters this method is not in common use in part because few available software tools allow the facile generation of box plots For example the standard spreadsheet tool Excel is unable to generate box plots Here we describe an open-source application called BoxPlotR and an associated web portal that allow rapid generation of customized box plots A user-de ?ned data matrix is uploaded as a ?le or pasted directly into the application to generate a basic box plot with options for additional features Sample size may be represented by the width of each box in proportion to the square root of the number of observations Whiskers may be de ?ned according to the criteria of Spear Tukey or Altman The underlying data distribution may be visualized as a violin or bean plot or alternatively the actual data may be displayed as overlapping or nonoverlapping points The con ?dence interval that two medians are di ?erent may be illustrated as notches de ?ned as ? IQR ??n ref There is also an option to plot the sample means and their con ?dence intervals More complex statistical comparisons may be required to ascertain signi ?cance according to the speci ?c experimental design The output plots may be labeled customized