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Research guide 2 A Research Guide for Students and Teachers C CA Research Guide for Students and Teachers Anna M Stewart Keith Bowman Shannon Buckley Mitchell Graves Catherine Landis Neil Patterson Yazmín Rivera Nicole Werner State University of New York

A Research Guide for Students and Teachers C CA Research Guide for Students and Teachers Anna M Stewart Keith Bowman Shannon Buckley Mitchell Graves Catherine Landis Neil Patterson Yazmín Rivera Nicole Werner State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry CAcknowledgements This document was collaboratively prepared by Fellows from the National Science Foundation GK project Award at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry SUNY-ESF Leadership was provided by Anna Stewart with signi ?cant contributions from Keith Bowman Shannon Buckley Mitchell Graves Catherine Landis Neil Patterson Yazmín Rivera Nicole Werner and Lindsay Cray Additional support was provided by Donald Leopold PI Richard Beal Co-PI Charles Spuches Co-PI Scott Shannon Co-PI Dudley Raynal Sr Sta ? and Terhi Majanen Project Coordinator Special thanks to Stephen Stehman Greg McGee Charles Hall Benette Whitmore and Linda Galloway for helpful comments on an earlier draft We would also like to thank the previous Fellows at SUNY-ESF whose ideas and experiences laid the groundwork for this document This document is a ?eld test version Copyright ? The Research Foundation of the State University of New York State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry www esf edu Forestry Drive Syracuse NY USA CTo the outstanding teachers who by opening their classrooms to us have changed the way we view the world C CContents Preface vii Part I Beginning a Research Project Overview of the Research Project Types of Research Projects Examples of Student Projects How to Find Primary Scienti ?c Literature Developing an E ?ective Search Strategy How to Read a Scienti ?c Paper Writing Scienti ?c Hypotheses Research Project Proposal Part II Collecting and Analyzing Data Sampling Design A Versatile Tool How to Design a Questionnaire Secondary Data Sources for Research Online Databases for Secondary Research Introduction to Statistics Part III Presenting your Research Research Paper Outline How to Write a Scienti ?c Paper a The Sections of the Paper b Title Author Names and Institutional A ?liations c Abstract d Introduction e Materials and Methods f Results g Discussion h Acknowledgements CContents Part III Presenting your Research continued i Literature Cited j Figures and Tables k Appendices Citations and References Final Paper Checklist PowerPoint Tips Appendices A Research Project Timeline B Weekly Research Checkup C Student Reference Page D Student Laboratory Notebook E Statistical Tests F Research Paper Rubric G Oral Presentation Rubric H Student Post-Assessment vi CPreface As NSF GK Fellows we have had the opportunity to work with many high school students conducting scienti ?c research for the ?rst time and we realize that for many students this is a challenging experience To help guide you through the process we have written this research guide for you the student and for your teachers Through our work with high school students we noticed that many students have misperceptions about how and why we do science So why should you do research The process of conducting research is the foundation of science