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Assassins Assassins For other uses see Assassin disambiguation For the modern act of murder see assassination The Assassins from Arabic n n nnnnnnnn ashsh n sh n n saries during the Middle Ages Originally applied to the Nizari Ismaelis by the rival Mustal

Assassins For other uses see Assassin disambiguation For the modern act of murder see assassination The Assassins from Arabic n n nnnnnnnn ashsh n sh n n saries during the Middle Ages Originally applied to the Nizari Ismaelis by the rival Mustali Ismailis during the fall of the Ismaili Fatimid Empire and the separation of the two Ismaili streams there is little evidence hashish was used to motivate the assassins contrary to the beliefs of their medieval enemies It is possible that the term hashishiyya or hashishi in Muslim sources was used metaphorically in its abusive sense i e ??social outcasts ? ??low-class rabble ? etc th-century painting of the assassination of Nizam al-Mulk by an assassin Long after their near-eradication at the hands of the Mongol Empire mentions of Assassins were preserved within European sources such as the writings of Marco Polo where they are depicted as trained killers responsible for the systematic elimination of opposing n gures Ever since the word assassin has been used to describe a hired or professional killer paving the way for the related term assassination which denotes any action involving murder of a high-pro n le target for political reasons is the name used to refer to the medieval Nizari Ismailis particularly those of Persia and Syria Often characterized as a secret order led by a mysterious ??Old Man of the Mountain ? the Nizari Ismailis were an Islamic sect that formed in the late th century from a split within Ismailism itself a branch of Shia Islam In time the Nizaris began to pose a military threat to Sunni Seljuq authority within the Persian territories by capturing and inhabiting several mountain fortresses under the leadership of Hassan-i Sabbah who is typically regarded as the founder of the Assassins While ??Assassins ? typically refers to the entire medieval Nizari sect in fact only a class of acolytes known as the n dai actually engaged in assassination work Lacking their own army the Nizari relied on these trained warriors to carry out espionage and assassinations and over the course of years successfully killed two caliphs and many viziers sultans and Crusader leaders The Nizari were feared by the Crusaders who referred to them collectively as Assassins The Crusader stories of the Assassins were further embellished by Marco Polo th-century European orientalist historians such as Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall also referred to the Nizari collectively as Assassins and tended to write works about them based on biased accounts by medieval Sunni Arab authors which they often took at face value Origins The origins of the Assassins can be traced back to just before the First Crusade around There has been great di n culty n nding out much information about the origins of the Assassins because most early sources are written by enemies of the order are based on legends or both Most sources dealing with the order ? s inner workings were destroyed with the capture of Alamut the Assassins ? headquarters by the Mongols