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An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the constructio

An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, work on scaffolds frequently. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related accidents would prevent 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths every year. This course discusses the general requirements of scaffold safety as well as the components, erection, use and dismantling of supported and suspended scaffolds. It details more speciﬁc guidelines for safely erecting, using, and dismantling each type of scaffold. It also describes important guidelines for conducting safety inspections of supported and suspended scaffolds. Scaffold Erection and Inspection This page intentionally blank OSHAcademy Course 804 Study Guide Safe Scaffold Erection and Inspection Copyright © 2017 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. No portion of this text may be reprinted for other than personal use. Any commercial use of this document is strictly forbidden. Contact OSHAcademy to arrange for use as a training document. This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully complete OSHAcademy Course 804. Read each module, answer the quiz questions, and submit the quiz questions online through the course webpage. You can print the post-quiz response screen which will contain the correct answers to the questions. The final exam will consist of questions developed from the course content and module quizzes. We hope you enjoy the course and if you have any questions, feel free to email or call: OSHAcademy 15220 NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beaverton, Oregon 97006 www.oshatrain.org instructor@oshatrain.org +1.888.668.9079 Disclaimer This document does not constitute legal advice. Consult with your own company counsel for advice on compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations. Neither Geigle Safety Group, Inc., nor any of its employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Taking actions suggested in this document does not guarantee that an employer, employee, operator or contractor will be in compliance with applicable regulations. Ultimately every company is responsible for determining the applicability of the information in this document to its own operations. Each employer’s safety management system will be different. Mapping safety and environmental management policies, procedures, or operations using this document does not guarantee compliance regulatory requirements. Revised 9/15/2017 sjg This page intentionally blank Course 804 Contents Course Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 Module 1: Basic Guidelines............................................................................................................. 2 Guidelines for Scaffold Erection ................................................................................................. 2 Pre-planning................................................................................................................................ 2 Supervision.................................................................................................................................. 2 Footing ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Power lines.................................................................................................................................. 3 Fall Protection............................................................................................................................. 3 Heat Sources ............................................................................................................................... 5 Material Handling ....................................................................................................................... 5 Condition of Materials ................................................................................................................ 5 Hoisting and Rigging.................................................................................................................... 5 Crossbracing................................................................................................................................ 6 Shore or Lean-to Scaffolds.......................................................................................................... 7 Storms and High Winds............................................................................................................... 7 Suspension Ropes ....................................................................................................................... 7 Tag Lines...................................................................................................................................... 7 Planking....................................................................................................................................... 7 Platform and Walkway Widths................................................................................................... 7 Guardrails on Building Side......................................................................................................... 8 Overlap........................................................................................................................................ 8 Abutted Planks............................................................................................................................ 8 Platform Lengths......................................................................................................................... 9 Mixed or Modified Components................................................................................................. 9 Components Made from Different Metals................................................................................. 9 Chemical Treatment.................................................................................................................... 9 Requirements for Access to Scaffolds .................................................................................. 10 Ladders and Rest Platforms ...................................................................................................... 10 Course 804 Module 1 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 12 Module 2: Inspecting Fabricated Frame Supported Scaffolds ..................................................... 14 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 14 Self-Supporting Scaffolds.......................................................................................................... 14 Inspecting Fabricated Frame Scaffolds..................................................................................... 14 Base Section.............................................................................................................................. 15 Foundations .............................................................................................................................. 15 Scaffold Plumb .......................................................................................................................... 16 Inspecting the Support Structure ......................................................................................... 16 Capacity..................................................................................................................................... 16 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 17 Bracing ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Pinning ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Components.............................................................................................................................. 18 Inspecting for Adequate Access................................................................................................ 18 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 19 Ladders...................................................................................................................................... 19 Integral (Built-in Access) ........................................................................................................... 20 Ramps and Walkways ............................................................................................................... 21 Direct Access............................................................................................................................. 22 Erectors and Dismantlers.......................................................................................................... 22 Inspecting for Fall Protection.................................................................................................... 22 Fall-Arrest Systems ............................................................................................................... 23 Guardrail Systems ..................................................................................................................... 23 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 25 Inspecting the Platform ............................................................................................................ 25 Planking................................................................................................................................. 26 Module 2 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 27 Module 3: Inspecting Other Supported Scaffolds........................................................................ 29 Course 804 Inspecting Tube and Coupler Scaffolds..................................................................................... 29 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 31 Mobile Scaffolds........................................................................................................................ 32 Pole Scaffolds............................................................................................................................ 33 Bricklayer’s Square.................................................................................................................... 34 Module 3 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 35 Module 4: Special Use Supported Scaffolds................................................................................. 37 Form and Carpenter Bracket Scaffolds..................................................................................... 37 Roof Bracket Scaffolds .............................................................................................................. 37 Outrigger Scaffolds ................................................................................................................... 38 Inspecting Pump Jack Scaffolds ................................................................................................ 39 Ladder Jack Scaffolds ................................................................................................................ 40 Inspecting Window Jack Scaffolds ............................................................................................ 41 Horse Scaffolds ......................................................................................................................... 41 Crawling Board (Chicken Ladder) Scaffolds .............................................................................. 42 Step, Platform and Trestle Ladder Scaffolds............................................................................. 43 Inspecting Plasterers', Decorators', and Large-Area Scaffolds................................................. 43 Module 4 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 44 Module 5: Inspecting Suspended Scaffolds.................................................................................. 46 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 46 Two-Point Scaffolds .................................................................................................................. 46 Inspecting the Anchorage ..................................................................................................... 47 Anchorage Tiebacks .............................................................................................................. 47 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 48 Anchorage Counterweights .................................................................................................. 48 Scenario................................................................................................................................. 49 Direct Connections................................................................................................................ 49 Inspecting the Support.......................................................................................................... 50 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 50 Course 804 Support Capacity....................................................................................................................... 51 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 52 Support Outrigger Beams ......................................................................................................... 53 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 54 Inspecting Suspension Ropes.................................................................................................... 54 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 57 Inspecting Hoists....................................................................................................................... 57 Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 58 Module 5 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 59 Module 6: Inspecting Special Use Suspended Scaffolds............................................................... 61 Inspecting Single-Point Adjustable Scaffolds............................................................................ 61 Inspecting Boatswain's Chairs................................................................................................... 61 Inspecting Catenary Scaffolds................................................................................................... 62 Inspecting Multiple-Point Adjustable Scaffolds........................................................................ 63 Inspecting Multi-Level Suspended Scaffolds ............................................................................ 64 Inspecting Float (Ship) Scaffolds............................................................................................... 65 Inspecting Interior Hung Scaffolds............................................................................................ 66 Inspecting Needle Beam Scaffolds............................................................................................ 66 Module 6 Quiz........................................................................................................................... 68 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 70 Endnotes ....................................................................................................................................... 78 Course 804 Copyright © 2017 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. Page 1 of 78 Course Introduction An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, work on scaffolds frequently. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related accidents would prevent 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths every year, at a savings for American employers of $90 million in workdays not lost. Unsafe scaffolding procedures can cause accidents, serious injuries and even death. Accidents involving scaffolding mainly involve:  workers falling  incorrect operating procedures  environmental conditions  falling materials This course discusses the general requirements of scaffold safety as well as the components, erection, use and dismantling of supported and suspended scaffolds. It details more specific guidelines for safely erecting, using, and dismantling each type of scaffold. It also describes important guidelines for conducting safety inspections of supported and suspended scaffolds. Course 804 Copyright © 2017 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. Page 2 of 78 Module 1: Basic Guidelines Guidelines for Scaffold Erection What is the most visible sign that a scaffold has not been erected properly? The photo to the right will give you a clue. It’s vitally important to make sure that everyone who is involved in the scaffold erection and use is properly trained, and a scaffold erection process has been developed. Let’s take a look at the key best practices associated with scaffold erection and use. Check out the “World’s most terrifying scaffolding…” Pre-planning The first step in the scaffold erection process is effective pre-planning. A qualified person should do adequate pre-planning to make sure a plan has been develop to make sure the scaffold is erected properly. Successful pre-planning activities include the following: a. determine the type of scaffold necessary for the job b. determine the maximum load of the scaffold c. assure a good foundation d. avoid electrical hazards Click here for a sample Scaffold Erection/Dismantling Checklist. Supervision Supervise the erection of scaffolding. This should be done by a person competent by skill, experience and training to ensure safe installation according to the manufacturer’s specifications and other requirements. Course 804 Copyright © 2017 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. Page 3 of 78 Footing Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. a. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. b. Don’t use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. Power lines Working around high voltage (HV) power lines can be extremely dangerous. As work is being completed, it’s easy to forget the HV lines are overhead. When working around electrical power lines, make sure you now the voltage of energized power lines and ensure everyone is aware of the location of energized power lines. Maintain, at a minimum, these clearance distances from power lines: a. 3 feet for insulated lines less than 300 volts b. 10 feet for insulated lines 300 volts or more Note: Take the above subject very seriously. Take a look at this short graphic video that demonstrates what happens when a mobile scaffold contacts HV electrical power lines. Fall Protection Be sure fall protection equipment is available before beginning erection and use it as needed. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. See the chart on the next page for a summary of the types of fall protection required for specific scaffolds. Proper foundation on wood sills: Scaffold end frames equipped with adjustable screw legs and with base plates set on mud (wood sills). Scaffold is too close to power lines. Course 804 Copyright © 2017 Geigle Safety