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APA CITATION GUIDE 7th Edition APA style is one of the most common formats for

APA CITATION GUIDE 7th Edition APA style is one of the most common formats for citing sources Other well-known citation styles include MLA and Chicago. APA Style citations consist of two parts: 1. In-text citation: A brief citation in parentheses when you mention a source, citing the author’s last name and the year of publication, e.g. (Smith, 2019). It identifies the full source in the reference list. 2. Reference list entry: Full publication details listed on the reference page, which appears at the end of your paper. The reference provides all the information needed to find the source, e.g. Smith, P. (2019, April 18). Citing Sources in APA Format. Retrieved April 21, 2019, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa- style/ APA reference page The APA reference page is a separate page at the end of your paper where all sources you cited in the main text are listed. The references are sorted alphabetically, double spaced, and formatted using a hanging indent of ½ inch. Use “References” as page heading and include a running head with your paper title and page number. APA reference page example Creating references in APA format Each reference must be structured according to the rules for that source type. These rules vary between books, journal articles, internet articles and more. APA references can be created either manually or by using an APA Citation Generator. You should include a reference for all sources you have cited in the text. Don’t include sources you have only consulted. There are four types of source that are never included in an APA reference page:  Classical works such as the Bible  Personal communication such as emails, telephone conversations and chat messages  Entire websites (always cite the page)  Common knowledge APA Format I. Author names Start with the author's last name, followed by a comma and initial(s). If the author is an editor or translator, include the role in parentheses (e.g. 'Ed.' or 'Trans.'). Smith, T. (Trans.). (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. Multiple authors If there are multiple authors, list them in the same order as they are listed in the original source, separated by commas. Use an ampersand ("&") before the final name. Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference list. If a source is authored by more than 20 authors, only the first 19 authors and the last author are included. In between the 19th and last author you place an ellipses to indicate names are omitted. Unknown author When the source does not credit an author, but can clearly be attributed to a specific organization, use the organization name as author. If it is not attributed to any person or organization, begin the reference with the title instead. II. Publication date The publication date helps identify the source and shows how recent it is. When available, always include the publication year. The month and day should also be included for some source types (e.g. newspapers and web pages). If the publication date is unknown, replace it with "n.d." ("no date"). III. Title Always include the full title of the source. If there is a subtitle, separate it with a colon (":") and space. Use a capital letter for the first letter of the title and the first letter of the subtitle. When the author(s) of a source are unknown, the reference starts with the title instead. IV. Place of publication (NOT INCLUDED ANYMORE) Include the city and state (abbreviated) where the book was published. If the book was published outside the United States, replace the state with the country (e.g. Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The place of publication can be found on the copyright page, inside the front cover of the book. V. Edition When there are multiple editions of a source, include the name or number of the version you accessed – for example, the second edition of a book or the director’s cut of a movie. VI. Publisher Include the name of the company that published the book (e.g. Macmillan, Hachette). Omit legal titles such as "ltd" or "corporation". The publisher can usually be found on the cover or spine of the book or on the copyright page. VII. E-reader book type When citing an electronic version of a book, include the e-reader format (e.g. Kindle, Adobe Digital Editions, EPub) in square brackets after the book title. Don't include this information if you accessed the book through an online library (e.g. Google Books, NetLibrary). VIII. URL A URL is a direct link to a web page, journal article or book. Include the full URL (including "http://" or "https://"). Because URLs can change, APA recommends using a stable URL or DOI when available. IX. DOI A DOI (digital object identifier) is a number that links to a journal article or book. Unlike a URL, a DOI never changes, which makes it more reliable. If you can't find the DOI, use a stable or regular URL instead. Charles Darwin University. (2020). Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/rMV4eY1ASemPNgEPA X. Page range When citing only part of a source, such as a chapter of a book or an article from a journal, include the page number or range to help the reader locate the relevant part. Use "p. 1" to refer to a single page and "pp. 12-34" to refer to a range of pages. Omit this when referencing a magazine or journal article. Don't include page numbers if you are referencing the work as a whole. APA STYLE FORMAT I. BOOK Last Name, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Book title: Subtitle (edition). Publisher. A. One Author (NO EDITION) Reference list Smith, T. (n.d.). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide. Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, n.d.). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 11–17). (REVISED EDITION) Reference list Smith, T. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (Rev. ed.). Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 11–17). (SECOND EDITION) Reference list Smith, T. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 11–17). B. Two Authors Reference list Smith, T., & Williams, B. M. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide. Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith & Williams, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith & Williams, 2019, pp. 11–17). C. Three or More Authors Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference list. If a source is authored by more than 20 authors, only the first 19 authors and the last author are included. In between the 19th and last author you place an ellipses to indicate names are omitted. The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author’s name and “et al.” (meaning “and others”). Reference list In-text citation D. Company Name as Author Reference list Academic Writing Association. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide. Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Academic Writing Association, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Academic Writing Association, 2019, pp. 11–17). E. DOI Last Name, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Book title (edition). Publisher. DOI Reference list Smith, T., & Williams, B. M. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. https://doi.org/10.1000/182 Academic Writing Association. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. https://doi.org/10.1000/182 F. ONLINE Last Name, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Book title (edition). Publisher. URL Reference list Smith, T., & Williams, B. M. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ Academic Writing Association. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (2nd ed.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/ II. CHAPTER Last Name of the chapter author, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Chapter title. In editor Initials, Surname (Ed.). Container title: subtitle (ed., pp. chapter page range). Publisher. (A container is the larger work that the source appears in.) A. No Editors Reference list Smith, T. (2019). Reference list or bibliography. In Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (pp. 25–43). Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 25–43). B. One Editor Reference list Smith, T. (2019). Reference list or bibliography. In N. Clark (Ed.), Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (pp. 25–43). Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 25–43). C. Two Editors Reference list Smith, T. (2019). Reference list or bibliography. In N. Clark & T. B. Brooks (Eds.), Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide (pp. 25–43). Scribbr. In-text citation According to new research … (Smith, 2019). “Page numbers are required when quoting” (Smith, 2019, pp. 25–43). D. Revised Edition/Second Edition Reference list uploads/s3/ apa-citation-guide-7-edition.pdf