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A Study on the Hand Washing Awareness Among the Grade 8 Students of STC -------

A Study on the Hand Washing Awareness Among the Grade 8 Students of STC ----------------- A Research Presented To the Faculty of St. Theresa's College High School Department Cebu City Philippines ------------------ In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for Science In GRADE 8 ---------------- By: DAGAMI, AMADO FLORO, WAYNE ALVARO, KAYLA DING, JULIANNE HERNANDO, FIONA ROSARIO, PRINCESS April 2018 CHAPTER 1 Introduction A. Background of the Study It has been noted that hand washing is a milestone in infectious disease control, and promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure (Sultana et al., 2016). In spite of the fact that the procedures associated with hand cleanliness are simple, however, consistence to these proposals is poor worldwide. Since the hands get microorganisms in various ways, it is, however, ideal to have a standard hand cleaning. Infectious diseases are as yet the most widely recognized and common group of deadly diseases (Ergin et al., 2010). As indicated by a study directed in Turkey, yearly, more than 3.5 million youngsters die from diarrhea and acute lower respiratory-tract infections. Legitimate hand-washing would be a huge lessening in the rate of these illnesses. Its significance was first found in a maternity center in Vienna in 1847. It was uncovered that cleaning hands by medicinal workforce decreased maternal death rate. Other studies have shown that hand-washing keeps the spread of infectious diseases. To prove this, a meta-analysis reported that inability to washing hands expanded diarrheal ailments 1.8 times. Furthermore, washing of hands can diminish the dangers of serious intestinal diseases and shigellosis up to 48% and 59%, individually.It additionally could turn avert million diarrheal deaths yearly. 1 An interventional study showed that children younger than 15 years living in families that got hand washing advancement and plain soap had a 53% lower occurrence of looseness of the bowels than the controls. Another meta-analysis revealed that every qualified investigation demonstrated a 6.0 to 44.0% decrease in respiratory illnesses with the guide of appropriate hand washing. Moreover, it was proven that hand hygiene educational interventions strongly affect the prevention of these sicknesses (Entin, 2012). As of now, proper hand washing isn't as across the board as required around the world. Several reports state that the frequency of hand washing with soap before handling food or after the restroom was observed in only between 0% and 34.0% cases across the country. To improve the situation, Center for Disease Control and Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology have created guidelines for hand washing. Furthermore, UNICEF has been declaring October 15 since 2008 as the Global Hand Washing Day keeping in mind the end goal to highlight the need for hand washing. In the local setting, Philippines is actively promoting hand hygiene with the help of the Department of Health and the Department of Education among citizens as well as the students. The researchers wanted to investigate the hand washing awareness of the grade 8 Theresians through conducting a survey. 2 B. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the hand washing awareness among the grade 8 students of STC , specifically in terms of  frequency of compliance  level of awareness  practices C. Hypothesis The grade 8 students of STC are aware of hand washing in terms of frequency of compliance, level of awareness and practices. D. Significance of the Study General Statement: This study will benefit the ff:  Students The results derived from the survey will help students lower their risk of respiratory-tract infections, intestinal problems, diarrheal diseases and other infectious diseases by complying with the techniques of handwashing. They will be motivated to be more conscious of their health status. 3 • Teachers The results derived from the survey will pave a way for teachers to encourage the students to wash their hands consistently especially after contact with contaminated objects so as not to infect other anyone in the institution. They will also be inspired to act as a role model for the students to follow in cultivating a healthy lifestyle through performing proper hand washing. • Parents The results derived from the survey will help parents constantly remind their children the importance of hand washing anywhere, may it be at home, school or in the community. They also have to share their role to protect the child and establish a partnership with healthcare workers to deliver safe care to the child, including undertaking good hand hygiene practices. • Health Care Providers The results derived from the survey will help health care providers educate everyone specifically the youth who aren’t fully aware of the important points in hand washing. They are the driving force of the students in keeping a healthy lifestyle in which hand hygiene is greatly observed. • Future Researchers The results derived from the survey will inspire future researches in formulating new techniques in hand washing for everyone’s benefit. They will be challenged to foster new ideas specifically in the practices in hand hygiene. 4 E. Operational Definition of Terms  Microorganisms- a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus.  Meta-analysis - a subset of systematic reviews ; statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies when the treatment effect is consistent from one study to the next.  Shigellosis - an intestinal disease caused by a family of bacteria known as Shigella which develops diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps in patients.  Interventional- pertaining to the act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome; action taken to improve a situation, especially a medical disorder.  Gastrointestinal- relating to the stomach and the intestines. 5 CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature Hand washing is a simple yet crucial conduct in hospitals, medical facilities and school establishments (Morgan, 2017). It has been stressed that hand hygiene is the most effective intervention to reduce transmission of infections and resistant germs (World Health Organization, 2017). Although it is known to be a life-saving and cost- effective means of preventing communicable diseases, adherence to this is very low at only 39 % worldwide. In light of this, the World Health Organization suggests that compliance can be improved through access to alcohol-based hand rub solution and washing facilities, proper training and education, consistent monitoring and feed backing, availability of visual reminders and promoting everyone’s safety culture. It has been regarded that hands are the primary disease vectors carrying respiratory microorganism shed from nose, mouth or anus to the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva or mouth of new hosts. Fecal-oral sicknesses transmission amongst students is especially because of unhygienic hands (Journal of Nursing and Health Technology, 2014). Approximately, there are 1,500 bacteria per square centimeter of skin on your hand and one of the best approach to prevent infectious disease is to wash your hands with soap and water (Bailey, 2017). Germs, including bacteria and viruses, typically reside on everyday objects such as gadgets and shopping carts may be transferred from contaminated objects on your palms when you touch them. The leading cause of disease in humans are pathogens, viruses, fungi and other germs. 6 Once inside the body, the germs weakens the body's immune system and produces toxins that make you sick. Microorganisms, viruses and parasites are the most common causes of foodborne diseases and food poisoning. Reactions to germs such as MRSA, Clostridium difficile , E. coli and Salmonella can lead to mild gastric discomfort and diarrhea and worse, death. Properly washing and drying your hands reduces your risk of getting sick with diarrhea by 33 percent, having diarrheal illness in people with weakened immune systems by 58% (Huang & Zhou ,2007), and respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21% (Aiello et al., 2008). A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2003 determined whether proper hygiene can successfully avert diarrhea in children. The results showed that children whose families were exposed to nine months of a hand washing promotion scored better across five areas of development: cognitive, communication, motor, personal-social and adaptive (CDC, 2015). Furthermore, it also prevents eye infections such as such as trachoma. It can additionally lower the probability of contracting conjunctivitis, or pink eye (Morgan 2017). Handwashing more than six times a day with soap and water is considered the basic hygiene minimum by the Global Hygiene Council. Seven times a day isn't really asking much – at least 10 times is a better goal. People who wash their hands more than six times a day tend to suffer less frequently from infectious diseases. There are certain rules to follow when washings hands. Some of these are, using clean, running water, removing accessories (e.g. wrist watch, rings and bracelets), 7 rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds or two rounds of the song “Happy Birthday” (Blank Children's Hospital , 2014; Ergin et al., 2010) which includes scrubbing all surfaces including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails , rinsing of hands thoroughly and uploads/s3/ bibliography 4 .pdf