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IEC 60079-29-2 Edition 2.0 2015-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE

IEC 60079-29-2 Edition 2.0 2015-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-2: Gas detectors – Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen Atmosphères explosives – Partie 29-2: Détecteurs de gaz – Sélection, installation, utilisation et maintenance des détecteurs de gaz inflammables et d’oxygène INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 29.260.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-5029-7 ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale ® Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé. This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – IEC 60079-29-2:2015  IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 11 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 13 2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 14 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Gas properties and other physics .......................................................................... 14 3.2 Types of equipment .............................................................................................. 16 3.3 Sensors and detectors .......................................................................................... 18 3.4 Supply of gas to instruments ................................................................................. 19 3.5 Signals and alarms ............................................................................................... 19 3.6 Times, checks and equipment behaviour ............................................................... 20 3.7 Terms exclusive to open path equipment .............................................................. 21 4 Basic information on the properties, behaviour, gases and vapours, and specific applications of gas detection ......................................................................................... 23 4.1 Detecting gases and vapours ................................................................................ 23 4.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 23 4.1.2 Safety when monitoring for flammable gases where personnel could be present .......................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Some common properties of gases and vapours ................................................... 25 4.3 The differences between detecting gases and vapours ......................................... 26 4.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 26 4.3.2 Detection of gases ......................................................................................... 26 4.3.3 Detection of vapours ...................................................................................... 28 4.4 Oxygen deficiency................................................................................................. 31 4.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 31 4.4.2 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with solid products ........................................... 31 4.4.3 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with gaseous products ..................................... 31 4.4.4 Dilution of the air by displacement by some other gas or vapour .................... 32 4.5 Specific applications of gas detection ................................................................... 32 4.5.1 Gas detection as means of reducing risk of explosion .................................... 32 4.5.2 Gas free work permit ..................................................................................... 35 4.5.3 Monitoring of air inlets ................................................................................... 36 4.6 Specific considerations for open path detection .................................................... 36 5 Measuring principles ...................................................................................................... 37 5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 37 5.2 Catalytic sensors .................................................................................................. 39 5.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 39 5.2.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 39 5.2.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 39 5.2.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 40 5.2.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 40 5.3 Thermal conductivity sensors ................................................................................ 40 5.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 40 5.3.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 41 5.3.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 41 5.3.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 41 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60079-29-2:2015  IEC 2015 – 3 – 5.3.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 41 5.4 Infrared sensors .................................................................................................... 41 5.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 41 5.4.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 41 5.4.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 42 5.4.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 42 5.4.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 42 5.5 Semiconductor sensors ......................................................................................... 42 5.5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 42 5.5.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 42 5.5.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 43 5.5.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 43 5.5.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 43 5.6 Electrochemical sensors ....................................................................................... 43 5.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 43 5.6.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 44 5.6.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 44 5.6.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 44 5.6.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 44 5.7 Flame ionization detectors (FID) ........................................................................... 44 5.7.1 General ......................................................................................................... 44 5.7.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 44 5.7.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 45 5.7.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 45 5.7.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 45 5.8 Flame temperature analysers (FTA) ...................................................................... 45 5.8.1 General ......................................................................................................... 45 5.8.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 45 5.8.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 45 5.8.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 45 5.8.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 46 5.9 Photo ionisation detector (PID) ............................................................................. 46 5.9.1 General ......................................................................................................... 46 5.9.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 46 5.9.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 46 5.9.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 46 5.9.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 46 5.10 Paramagnetic oxygen detector .............................................................................. 46 5.10.1 General ......................................................................................................... 46 5.10.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 47 5.10.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 47 5.10.4 Interference ................................................................................................... 47 5.10.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 47 6 Selection of equipment .................................................................................................. 47 6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 47 6.2 Selection criteria ................................................................................................... 48 6.2.1 General criteria .............................................................................................. 48 6.2.2 Gases to be detected by the equipment ......................................................... 49 6.2.3 Application of fixed equipment ....................................................................... 50 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 4 – IEC 60079-29-2:2015  IEC 2015 6.2.4 Application of transportable and portable equipment ...................................... 53 6.3 Miscellaneous factors affecting selection of equipment ......................................... 54 6.3.1 Electromagnetic immunity .............................................................................. 54 6.3.2 Intended Zone(s) of use ................................................................................. 54 7 Behaviour of gas releases ............................................................................................. 55 7.1 Nature of a release ............................................................................................... 55 7.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 55 7.1.2 Release rate of gas or vapour ........................................................................ 55 7.1.3 Flammable limits ............................................................................................ 56 7.1.4 Ventilation ..................................................................................................... 56 7.1.5 Relative density of the released gas or vapour............................................... 56 7.1.6 Temperature and/or pressure......................................................................... 56 7.1.7 Other parameters to be considered ................................................................ 57 7.1.8 Outdoor sites and open structures ................................................................. 57 7.2 Buildings and enclosures ...................................................................................... 57 7.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 57 7.2.2 Unventilated buildings and enclosures ........................................................... 57 7.2.3 Ventilated buildings and enclosures ............................................................... 57 7.3 Environmental considerations ............................................................................... 59 8 Design and installation of fixed gas detection systems ................................................... 59 8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 59 8.2 Basic considerations for the installation of fixed systems ...................................... 59 8.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 59 8.2.2 Point detection equipment and remote sensors .............................................. 60 8.2.3 Systems consisting of sampling equipment .................................................... 60 8.2.4 Open path (line of sight) equipment ............................................................... 60 8.3 Location of detection points .................................................................................. 61 8.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 61 8.3.2 General site considerations ........................................................................... 61 8.3.3 Environmental conditions ............................................................................... 62 8.4 Access for calibration and maintenance ................................................................ 64 8.5 Additional considerations for sample lines ............................................................. 65 8.6 Additional considerations for open path equipment ............................................... 65 8.7 Summary of considerations for the location of measuring points and open paths .................................................................................................................... 66 8.8 Installation of measuring point and open path equipment ...................................... 66 8.9 Integrity and safety of fixed systems ..................................................................... 67 8.9.1 General ......................................................................................................... 67 8.9.2 Redundancy in fixed systems......................................................................... 67 8.9.3 Protection against loss of main power supply ................................................. 67 8.10 Timing of installation during construction operations ............................................. 68 8.11 Commissioning ..................................................................................................... 68 8.11.1 Inspection ...................................................................................................... 68 8.11.2 Initial gas calibration ...................................................................................... 69 8.11.3 Adjustment of alarm set points ....................................................................... 69 8.12 Operating instructions, plans and records ............................................................. 69 9 Use of portable and transportable flammable gas detection equipment .......................... 70 9.1 General ................................................................................................................. 70 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60079-29-2:2015  IEC 2015 – 5 – 9.2 Initial and periodic check procedures for portable and transportable instrumentation ..................................................................................................... 71 9.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 71 9.2.2 Inspection and functional checks ................................................................... 71 9.2.3 Routine tests and recalibration ...................................................................... 72 9.2.4 Maintenance and recalibration ....................................................................... 73 9.3 Guidance on the use of portable and transportable equipment .............................. 74 9.3.1 Electrical safety in hazardous atmospheres ................................................... 74 9.3.2 Safety of personnel ........................................................................................ 74 9.3.3 Spot tests and sampling ................................................................................ 74 9.3.4 Sampling above liquids .................................................................................. 75 9.3.5 Avoidance of condensation ............................................................................ 75 9.3.6 Poisoning of sensors ..................................................................................... 75 9.3.7 Changes of temperature ................................................................................ 75 9.3.8 Accidental damage ........................................................................................ 75 9.3.9 Minimalist operation, the “Read and run” concept .......................................... 75 10 Training of operational personnel .................................................................................. 76 10.1 General ................................................................................................................. 76 10.2 General training – Basic limitations and safety ...................................................... 77 10.3 Operator training ................................................................................................... 77 10.4 Maintenance training ............................................................................................. 78 11 Maintenance, routine procedures and general administrative control ............................. 78 11.1 General ................................................................................................................. 78 11.2 Operational checks ............................................................................................... 80 11.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 80 11.2.2 Fixed systems ............................................................................................... 80 11.2.3 Portable and transportable gas detection equipment ...................................... 80 11.3 Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 81 11.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 81 11.3.2 Fixed equipment ............................................................................................ 81 11.3.3 Portable and transportable gas detection equipment ...................................... 81 11.3.4 Off-site maintenance, general ........................................................................ 82 11.3.5 Maintenance procedures................................................................................ 82 11.4 Sensors ................................................................................................................ 82 11.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 82 11.4.2 Flame arrestor ............................................................................................... 82 11.5 Flow systems ........................................................................................................ 83 11.5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 83 11.5.2 Inspection ...................................................................................................... 83 11.5.3 Filters, traps and flame arrestors ................................................................... 83 11.5.4 Flow system and sample chamber ................................................................. 83 11.5.5 Flow connections ........................................................................................... 83 11.5.6 Moving parts .................................................................................................. 83 11.5.7 Automatic sample-draw systems .................................................................... 83 11.5.8 Loss-of-flow signals ....................................................................................... 83 11.6 Readout devices ................................................................................................... 83 11.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 83 11.6.2 Other readouts .............................................................................................. 84 11.7 Alarms .................................................................................................................. 84 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 6 – IEC 60079-29-2:2015  IEC 2015 11.8 Calibration ............................................................................................................ 84 11.8.1 Calibration kits and test equipment ................................................................ 84 11.8.2 Calibration procedure .................................................................................... 85 (normative) Measuring principles ........................................................................... 87 Annex A A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 87 A.2 Catalytic sensors .................................................................................................. 89 A.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 89 A.2.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 90 A.2.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 90 A.2.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 90 A.2.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 91 A.3 Thermal conductivity sensors ................................................................................ 92 A.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 92 A.3.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 92 A.3.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 93 A.3.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 93 A.3.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 93 A.4 Infrared sensors .................................................................................................... 93 A.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 93 A.4.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 95 A.4.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 96 A.4.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 96 A.4.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 97 A.5 Semi-conductor sensors........................................................................................ 97 A.5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 97 A.5.2 Common applications .................................................................................... 97 A.5.3 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 97 A.5.4 Interferences ................................................................................................. 98 A.5.5 Poisoning ...................................................................................................... 98 A.6 Electrochemical sensors ....................................................................................... 98 A.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 98 A.6.2 Common uploads/s3/international-standard-norme-internationale 4 .pdf