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The Peterson Field Guide Series PETERSON FIELD GUIDES William Henry Burt was em

The Peterson Field Guide Series PETERSON FIELD GUIDES William Henry Burt was emeritus curator of mammals and emeritus professor of zoology at the University of Michigan, and he wrote many books and articles on mammals. He was editor of the Journal of Mammalogy and Special Publications for the American Society of Mammalogists as well as a president and honorary member of that society. Richard Philip Grossenheider was a zoologist and an artist of great skill in portraying mam- mals. The exquisite textura! quality of his draw- ings suggests an earlier master, Albrecht Dürer. For years Mr. Grossenheider was on the staff of the St. Louis Zoological Gardens. His illustra- tions have appeared in many books, magazines, and scientific journals, and his paintings have been exhibited in severa! countries. A Field Guide to the Mammals THE PETERSON FIELD GUIDE SERIES® Edited by Roger Tory Peterson Advanced Birding-Kaufinan Birds ofBritain and Europe-Peterson, Mountfort, Hollom Birds ofEastern and Central North America-R.T. Peterson Birds ofTexas and Adjacent States-R.T. Peterson Birds ofthe West Indies-Bond Eastern Birds' Nests-Harrison Hawks-Clark and Wheeler Hummingbirds-Williamson Mexican Birds-R.T. Peterson and Chalif Warblers-Dunn and Garrett Western Birds-R.T. Peterson Western Birds' Nests-Harrison Backyard Bird Song-Walton and Lawson Eastern Bird Songs -Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Eastern Birding by Ear-Walton and Lawson More Birding by Ear: Eastern and Central-Walton and Lawson Western Bird Songs-Cornell Laboratory ofOrnithology Western Birding by Ear-Walton and Lawson Pacific Coast Fishes-Eschmeyer, Herald, and Hammann Atlantic Coast Fishes-Robins, Ray, and Douglass Freshwater Fishes (N. America north ofMexico)-Page and Burr Insects (America north ofMexico)-Borror and White Beetles-White Eastern Butterflies--Opler and Malikul Western Butterflies--Opler and Wright Mammals-Burt and Grossenheider Animal Tracks-Murie Eastern Forests-Kricher and Morrison California and Pacific Northwest Forests-Kricher and Morrison Rocky Mountain and Southwest Forests-Kricher and Morrison Venomous Animals and Poisonous Plants-Foster and Caras Edible Wild Plants (e. and cen. N. America)-L. Peterson Eastern Medicinal Plants and Herbs-Foster and Duke Eastern Trees-Petrides Ferns (ne. and cen. N. America)-Cobb Mushrooms-McKnight and McKnight Pacific States Wildflowers-Niehaus and Ripper Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs-Foster and Hobbs Rocky Mt. Wiidflowers-Craighead, Craighead, and Davis Trees and Shrubs-Petrides Western Trees-Petrides Wildflowers (ne. and n.-cen. N. America)-R.T. Peterson and McKenney Southwest and Texas Wildflowers-Niehaus, Ripper, and Savage Geology (e. N. America)-Roberts Rocks and Minerals-Pough Stars and Pianets-Pasachotf Atmosphere-Schaefer and Day Eastern Reptiles and Amphibians-Conant and Collins Western Reptiles and Amphibians-Stebbins Shells ofthe Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, W. Indies-Morris Pacific Coast Shells (including Hawaii)-Morris Atlantic Seashore-Gosner Coral Reefs (Caribbean and Fiorida)-Kaplan Southeastern and Caribbean Seashores-Kaplan THE PETERSON FIELD GUIDE SERIES ® A Field Guide to theMammals North America north ofMexico Text and Maps by William Henry Burt Illustrations by Richard Philip Grossenheider Third Edition Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, the National Wildlife Federation, and the Roger Tory Peterson Institute HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY Boston New York Visit our Web site: www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com. Copyright© 1952, 1964 by William Henry Burt and Richard Philip Grossenheider Copyright© renewed 1980 by William H. Burt Copyright© 1976 by William Henry Burt and the Estate ofRichard Philip Grossenheider All rights reserved. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Houghton Miffiin Company, 215 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003 PETERSON FIELD GUIDES and PETERSON FIELD GUIDE SERIES are registered trademarks of Houghton Miffiin Company. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publica/ion Data Burt, William Henry, 1903- A field guide to the mammals. (The Peterson field guide series; 5) Bibliography: p. 271 Includes index. l. Mammals-North America-Identification. l. Grossenheider, Richard Philip. II. Title. QL715.B8 1976 599'.09'73 75-26885 ISBN 0-395-24082-4 ISBN 0-395-91098-6 (pbk.) Printed in the United States of America EB 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 Editor's Note ÜUR VIEWS OF MAMMALS are often so brief that it is even more important than it is with birds to know exactly what to look for-to know their "field marks." A large percentage of mammals are nocturnal; we find their tracks in the mud by the riverbank, and in the snow, but except for the squirrels and a few others, we get scarcely more than an occasional glimpse of these shy creatures. William H. Burt and Richard P. Grossenheider combined their talents to produce this Field Guide, one which Ernest Thompson Seton would have enthusiastically endorsed, because it was he who pointed out that each animal has its particular badge, or identifi- cation tag, by which it may be known at a glance. This idea was first developed fully in A Field Guide to the Birds, in which all eastern birds were reduced to simple patterns. An added innovation was the use of arrows pointing to distinctive field marks. The success of the book and its companion volume, A Field Guide to Western Birds, was immediate, far exceeding the expectations of the author and the publisher. Itwas inevitable that students would urge us to extend the system to other fields of natural history; thus the Field Guide Series was launched. A Field Guide to the Mammals is the second book on which Dr. Burt and Mr. Grossenheider have collaborated. Their earlier work was the well-known volume The Mammals o{ Michigan. Dr. Burt, through years of teaching at the University of Michigan, his custodianship of the mammal collection at the Museum of Zoology in Ann Arbor, and through a term as editor of the Joumal o{ Mammalogy, is ideally equipped to inform us in the clearest, most direct terms about North American mammals. Familiar with mammals both in the wild and in the hand, he knows where to draw the line between field marks and taxonomic characters. A few small mammals, it will be seen, simply cannot be identified with certainty except in the hand, by means of dentition and skull characters. Dr. Burt has avoided the problem of subspecies, since that too is more properly within the realm of the specialist and the specimen tray. Moreover, had he treated them at this stage in our taxonomic knowledge the book would probably become obsolete in a short time. Richard Grossenheider's drawings are so sensitive in handling that one must study them carefully to appreciate fully their artistry. He loved the small mammals in particular, and no one has ever portrayed them with greater understanding. The exquisite textural quality of his drawings reminds one of an earlier master, V vi EDITOR'S NOTE Albrecht Durer. Unfortunately, Richard Grossenheider did not live to see this revised edition completed, for he died tragically in a motor accident. George Sutton, the distinguished wildlife artist, in eulogizing Grossenheider's work writes: "Those who study these drawings will, I am confident, concur that they possess that rarest of qualities- the life-spark. This subtle quality in a picture invariably puzzles me. I have studied living birds and mammals for years, and believe I know why they look alive. But the aliveness of a picture is amazirig and wondrous nonetheless. There must have been some- thing of the small mammal in Dick Grossenheider himself-some- thing very sensitive to sounds, something keenly aware of passing shadows, something ever on the alert for signs and warnings-how else could his drawings have the autobiographical authenticity they possess?" In the second edition (1964), the Field Guide to the Mammals carne of age. Having undergone the scrutiny of tens of thousands of students, the maps reflected the increased knowledge of mammal distribution on the North American continent. The species ac- counts were strengthened and expanded with sections on habitat, habits, reproduction, and economic status. Although these inclu- sions added many pages to the book it still fitted the pocket easily and became far more satisfying to readers who wished to know a bit more about each species than just its recognition marks. In this third edition (1976), 380 species are described (378 in the second edition) .. Many have been further expanded with new information. Because of the recent spate of interest in whales and porpoises and their conservation, the descriptions of these marine mammals have been greatly amplified and four new line drawings of skulls by Robert F. Wilson have been added. The Atlantic white-sided dolphin on the jacket was painted by Charles Ripper from transparencies provided by the staff of the New England Aquarium. The plates by Grossenheider, although the same as in the earlier editions, have been reproduced by a different process. Following the trend of the times, it was deemed advisable to add metric conversions of all measurements. When you start out on a camping trip take this book with you. Do not leave it on your library shelf; it is a field guide intended to be used. ROGER TORY PETERSON Preface IN THE SECOND EDITION of A Field Guide to the Mammals there wére maps showing the geographic distribution of 291 species of land mammals. The same number appears in this, the Third Edition. However, additional information makes it necessary to alter the maps for 56 species in order to bring them up to date. As in the Second Edition, range maps are not included for species restricted to islands, for those mainland species known from a single locality, for those uploads/Geographie/ peterson-field-guide-to-the-mammals-3rded.pdf