SOCIAL SCIENCE 2 0 2 1 – 2 0 2 2 WAT E R I S L I F E , WAT E R I S P O W E R :

SOCIAL SCIENCE 2 0 2 1 – 2 0 2 2 WAT E R I S L I F E , WAT E R I S P O W E R : WAT E R ’ S R O L E I N H U M A N H I S TO RY The vision of the United States Academic Decathlon® is to provide students the opportunity to excel academically through team competition. Toll Free: 866-511-USAD (8723) • Direct: 712-326-9589 • Fax: 712-366-3701 • Email: info@usad.org • Website: www.usad.org This material may not be reproduced or transmitted, in whole or in part, by any means, including but not limited to photocopy, print, electronic, or internet display (public or private sites) or downloading, without prior written permission from USAD. Violators may be prosecuted. Copyright ® 2021 by United States Academic Decathlon®. All rights reserved. R E S O U R C E G U I D E Taylor High School - Katy, TX 2021–2022 Social Science Resource Guide 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 SECTION I: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Chemical and Atmospheric Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Biochemical Properties of Water . . . . . . . . .8 Section I Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Section I Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 SECTION II: THE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Water and Pastoralist Cultures . . . . . . . . . 10 Mongol Culture and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Bedouin Culture and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Maasai Culture and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 The First Nations of Eastern North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 The Great Transition: Water and the Neolithic Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Neolithic Revolution in Southwest Asia, China, and Mesoamerica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Southwest Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Mesoamerica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Expansion of Arable Land in Southwest Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Meaning and Role of Water in the First Urban Civilizations: Mesopotamia and Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Mesopotamia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Religious Beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A Second Comparison: China and the Indus River Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 The Indus River Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Water and Early Agricultural Societies . . . . . 22 The Wittfogel Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 The “Great Goddess” Hypothesis . . . . . . .23 The Role of Water in European Antiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Water Usage and Problems in Ancient Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Water in Ancient Greek Culture . . . . . . . . . . 26 Water Use and Problems in Ancient Rome . . . 28 Water as a Factor in Roman Imperial Expansion and Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 The Second Great Transition: Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution . . . . . . . . . . 31 Prologue: Water Management in Medieval China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Water Management and the Growth of Early Modern Cities in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Windmills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The Modern Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Case Study: The Low Countries . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Case Study: England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Case Study: Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Water as a Power Source: The Concept of Energy System Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 The Los Angeles Aqueduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Soviet Management of the Aral Sea . . . . . . . . 44 The Growth of Hydroelectric Power . . . . . . . . 45 Case Study: The Piave River . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Case Study: The Merrimack River . . . . . . . . . 46 Taylor High School - Katy, TX 2021–2022 Social Science Resource Guide 3 The LMEST and Canal Construction . . . . . . . 47 Other Impacts of the LMEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Industrial Water Technology in Global Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Case Study: Egypt, Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Case Study: The Indus River Valley, Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Case Study: China, Revisited uploads/Geographie/ ss-guide.pdf

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