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4 NOT MEASUREMENT I SENSITIVE I DOE G 430.1-4 September 2, 1999 DECOMMISSIONING

4 NOT MEASUREMENT I SENSITIVE I DOE G 430.1-4 September 2, 1999 DECOMMISSIONING IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 Office of Field Integration Distribution: All Departmental Elements Initiated By: Office of Field Integration DOE G 430.1-4 9-2-99 FOREWORD The Department of Energy (DOE) faces an enormous task in the disposition of the nation's excess facilities. Many of these facilities are large and complex and contain potentially hazardous substances. As DOE facilities complete mission operations and are declared excess, they pass into a transition phase which ultimately prepares them for disposition. The disposition phase of a facility's life-cycle usually includes deactivation, decommissioning, and surveillance and maintenance (S&M) activities. Four Guides were developed to provide implementation guidance for requirements, found in DOE 0 430. 1A, LIFE CYCLE ASSET MANAGEMENT, specific to the transition and disposition of contaminated, excess facilities. The Guides are: DOE G 430.1-2, IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR SURVEILLANCE AND MAINTENANCE DURING FACILITY TRANSITION AND DISPOSITION; DOE G 430.1-3, DEACTIVATION IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE; DOE G 430.1-4, DECOMMISSIONING IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE; and DOE G 430.1-5, TRANSITION IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE. The goal of the processes described in the Guides is a continuum of hazard mitigation and risk reduction throughout the transition and disposition phases, leading to a timely, cost-effective disposition of the facility. Transition activities occur between operations and disposition in a facility's life cycle. Transition begins once a facility has been declared or forecast to be excess to current and future DOE needs. It includes placing the facility in stable and known conditions, identifying hazards, eliminating or mitigating hazards, and transferring programmatic and financial responsibilities from the operating program to the disposition program. Timely completion of transition activities can take advantage of facility operational capabilities before they are lost, eliminating or mitigating hazards in a more efficient, cost-effective manner. In preparation for the disposition phase, it is important that material, systems and infrastructure stabilization activities be initiated prior to the end of facility operations. Following operational shutdown and transition, the first disposition activity, usually, is to deactivate the facility. The deactivation mission is to place a facility in a safe shutdown condition that is economical to monitor and maintain for an extended period, until the eventual decommissioning of the facility. Deactivation of contaminated, excess facilities should occur as soon as reasonable and for as many facilities as possible. In this way, DOE can apply its resources to accomplish the greatest net gains to safety and stability in the shortest time. Deactivation can accomplish various activities, placing the facility in a low-risk state with minimum S&M requirements. The final facility disposition activity is typically decommissioning, where the facility is taken to its ultimate end state through decontamination and/or dismantlement to demolition or entombment. After decommissioning is complete, the facility or surrounding area may require DOE control for protection of the public and the environment or for environmental remediation. DOE G 430.1-4 9-2-99 S&M activities are conducted throughout the facility life-cycle, including when a facility is not operating and is not expected to operate again. During these last periods of a facility life-cycle, it is important to ensure that S&M is adequate to maintain the facility safety envelope during the final stages of operations through a seamless transition to the final disposition of the facility. S&M is adjusted during the facility life-cycle as transition, deactivation and decommissioning activities are completed. S&M activities include periodic inspections and maintenance of structures, systems, and equipment to ensure, at a minimum, that there is adequate containment of any contamination and that the potential hazards to workers, the public, and the environment are eliminated or mitigated and controlled. The technical, managerial and planning perspectives offered in these Guides can be equally effective in conducting activities other than transition and disposition, such as refurbishment and "clean-up" for reuse. As such, the adaptation of this guidance can result in efficient results if applied to facilities that are not being declared excess. An important objective throughout transition and disposition is to continue to maintain an integrated and seamless process linking deactivation, decommissioning and S&M with the previous life-cycle phases. Activities of facility transition and disposition shall incorporate integrated safety management at all levels to provide cost-effective protection of workers, the public and the environment. DOE G 430.1-4 iii (and iv) 9-2-99 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 In trod u ctio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 P u rp o se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 A lternative M ethods ................................................ 2 1.3 A pplicab ility ..................................................... 2 2.0 Decommissioning Activities -- General Guidance ................................. 3 2.1 DOE/EPA Policy on Decommissioning ................................. 3 2.2 Integrated Safety M anagement ........................................ 3 2.3 G raded A pproach .................................................. 4 3.0 The Decommissioning Framework ............................................. 6 3.1 Applicability of the Framework to Regulatory Scenarios .................... 6 3.2 Crosswalk, DOE 0 430.1A Requirements to DOE G 430.1-4 ................ 6 3.3 D eveloping End-Points .............................................. 7 4.0 Implementing the Decommissioning Framework .................................. 11 4 .1 P re-decision ..................................................... 11 4.2 Determ ination of A ction ............................................ 12 4.3 Choosing the Decommissioning Alternative ............................. 19 4.4 Engineering and Planning ........................................... 23 4.5 Decomm issioning Operations ........................................ 28 4.6 Post-decomm issioning Action ....................................... 29 DOE G 430.1-4 9-2-99 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose This Guide was prepared to aid in the planning and implementation of decommissioning activities at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities that have been declared excess to any future mission requirements. It is one of four that have been developed to provide guidance for facility transition and disposition activities. The others are: DOE G 430.1-2, IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR SURVEILLANCE AND MAINTENANCE DURING FACILITY TRANSITION AND DISPOSITION; DOE G 430.1-3, DEACTIVATION IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE; and DOE G 430.1-5, TRANSITION IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE. Requirements for decommissioning are stated in DOE Order 430. 1A, LIFE CYCLE ASSET MANAGEMENT (LCAM), which identifies the minimum requirements for disposition of an excess DOE facility. This Guide defines activities or actions that provide a sequenced risk reduction to the selected disposition path. It is part of the DOE Directives System, and is consistent with the principles and core functions of P 450.4, SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM POLICY. Other documents that should be consulted to support the planning and conduct of transition and disposition activities include: DOE-STD-1 120-98, INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY AND HEALTH INTO FACILITY DISPOSITION ACTIVITIES, and the Good Practice Guides associated with LCAM. This Guide also addresses implementation of the Policy on Decommissioning of Department of Energy Facilities Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), May 22, 1995 (commonly known as the Decommissioning Policy). The DECOMMISSIONING IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE, Decommissioning Handbook (Draft DOE/EM-0383, January 1999), and Decommissioning Preferred Alternatives Matrix (June 30, 1997) replace the previously issued Decommissioning Resource Manual (DOE/EM-0246, August 1995) and Decommissioning Handbook (DOE/EM-EM-0142P, March 1994). The present DECOMMISSIONING IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE differs from the Decommissioning Resource Manual (DOE/EM-0246, August 1995), which included a variety of information of interest or potential use to decommissioning project managers and staff. Material from the Resource Manual that directly relates to implementation of these policies and directives has been incorporated in this Guide. Material from the Resource Manual and former Handbook that does not directly relate to acceptable methods for meeting program requirements is being compiled in the present Decommissioning Handbook as an information resource for decommissioning project personnel. Material from the former Handbook dealing with decommissioning technologies has been incorporated into the Decommissioning Preferred Alternatives Matrix. 2 DOE G 430.1-4 9-2-99 1.2 Alternative Methods This Guide presents acceptable methods for implementing the decommissioning requirements specified in LCAM, to ensure effective and efficient management of DOE excess facilities. It does not in itself impose additional requirements. The Department has invested substantial time and effort in developing a decommissioning framework that (1) meets DOE's requirements and expectations, (2) draws on DOE's previous experience, and (3) is responsive to oversight entities. Although alternative methods and approaches to the ones discussed in this Guide may be used, a comparable amount of time and effort may be needed to evaluate the acceptability of those alternatives. 1.3 Applicability This Guide may be applied to decommissioning activities and processes at contaminated DOE facilities. "Contaminated" refers to both radioactive contamination and to hazardous-substance contamination. Nuclear facilities and non-nuclear contaminated facilities are included in the scope of this Guide. Project personnel are expected to apply a graded approach in planning and conducting decommissioning activities at different types of facilities and with uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ decommission-guide.pdf