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Master CIMO Transport et Mobilité STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MAINTENANCE OF A RAIL

Master CIMO Transport et Mobilité STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MAINTENANCE OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM STRATAKI Maria Memoire de stage à London Underground sous la direction de Michel Savy September 2011 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 2 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Michel Savy, for believing in my capacities and encouraging me throughout the research of a complex technical issue. I would like to thank him for giving me the opportunity to combine study and work in two major European cities, Paris and London. Moreover, I would like to thank him for his stimulating suggestions and his priceless time. I am also very grateful to my colleagues and my in-house supervisor in Transport for London, David Dobson, for their support and their enthusiasm concerning my research. Moreover, I would like to thank David for his attentive reading and prompt suggestions and contributions on improving my English. I would also like to express my love to my parents who are always next to me, investing in my education and help me improve myself every day. Finally, I would like to thank all my friends who continuously supported. My special thanks to Apostolis who constantly helped me and shared with me the wonderful experience of this year. Maria Strataki September 2011 London, UK STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 3 Résumé Les reformes des chemins de fer en cours depuis les deux dernières décennies et les collectivités publiques exigent un accroissement de la productivité de l’infrastructure ferroviaire qui se traduit en général par une pression sur les moyens financiers octroyés ainsi que par des exigences accrues en matière de capacité et de disponibilité de l’infrastructure. De ces exigences émergent deux sujets. Le premier réside dans l’usure des rails. Le deuxième touche la nécessité d’une gestion durable de l’infrastructure par le biais d’une stratégie de maintenance de l’infrastructure notamment axée sur le long terme. Il s’agit d’une problématique de gestion coordonnée du développement de l’infrastructure ferroviaire et les contraintes technico-économiques liées à la capacité de l’infrastructure. Dans ce contexte, le mémoire analyse les liens importants entre les paramètres qui causent l’usure des rails et les éléments de planification de la maintenance. Ce thème est traité en utilisant la base des données et les caractéristiques géométriques de la ligne Bakerloo du métro londonien. Ces réflexions débouchent sur la création de modèles statistiques qui proposent quelques pistes de développement qui pourraient à terme constituer un support utile aux gestionnaires d’infrastructure. Abstract The commercialisation and deregulation of railway industry has led to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower prices overall. Thus, track requirements in terms of axle load, gross tonnage, speed, etc. are increased, resulting in more failures on the track and in requirements for more maintenance. Due to this pressure, two problems occur. The first is the track wear and the second one is the need for a sustainable management of the infrastructure in order to have a safe and reliable network with sufficient capacity and availability. The research problem lies in the coordinated management of the development of the railway infrastructure and the technical and economic constraints connected to the infrastructure. A simulation of Bakerloo line is included in order to identify the participation of technical factors in railway degradation. Additionally, the necessity of developing a cost model has risen in order to better predict and manage the cost of maintenance. The considerations lead to the creation of statistical models proposing some possible development strategies which might by time support the infrastructure manager. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 4 Mots clés Planification ferroviaire, planification de la maintenance d’un réseau ferre, stratégies de maintenance, gestion coordonnée de la maintenance, facteurs de dégradation, cout du cycle de vie de l’infrastructure, simulation de l’exploitation, voie ferrée. Keywords Railways planning, railways maintenance and renewal planning, strategic maintenance planning, coordinated management of rail network maintenance, degradation factors, infrastructure life cycle cost (LCC), simulation of the operation, railway track. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 5 FIGURES Figure 1.1: EU27 - Performance by mode in freight transport 1995-2007 Figure 1.1: Flow chart of analysis track condition data Figure 3.1: Representation of an open system Figure 3.2: The environment of a system: the environment of a company Figure 3.3: Representation of a mobility system Figure 3.4: The operating system of railway infrastructure Figure 3.5: The three tools of systemic approach Figure 3.6: Factors affecting railway RAMS Fig. 3.7: Influence of preventive maintenance to the Life Cycle of the system Fig. 3.8: The activities of corrective maintenance Figure 4.1: Three basic parameters of rail infrastructure influencing railway performance Figure 4.2: Map of the Bakerloo line Figure 4.3: Vehicle on a curve and Rolling Radius difference Figure 4.4: Relation between Tg and track curvature Figure 4.5: Rail wear on sharp curves Figure 4.6: Track life by curvature estimated Figure 4.7: Cant deficiency and lateral acceleration Figure 4.8: Difference between flat-bottom and bullhead rail Figure 4.9: Speed profile of Bakerloo line Figure 4.10: Central vertical wear h and side wear s Figure 4.11: Measurement of rail wear Figure 4.12: Sample train formations of 1972 Tube Stock showing how the four car unit could have a 3-car unit coupled at either end, either way round Figure 4.13: Bogie design for track friendly vehicles Figure 4.14: Schematic survey of maintenance and renewal process Figure 5.1: Factors influencing the performance of track infrastructure Figure 5.2: Life Cycle Cost of a railway system Figure 5.3:Utilising wheel-rail interface model wear rate output to predict average lifespan and annual track maintenance cost Figure 5.4: Predicting lifespan for point ends Figure 5.5: Existing Lifespan Figure 5.6: Curve fitting based on Annual Energy Lost Figure 5.7: Lifespan Curve according to Annual Tonnage and Track Curvature Figure 6.1: Maintenance planning overview Figure 6.2: Track Maintenance Optimisation Parameters Figure 6.3: Analysis of an Optimisation model in Railway industry STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1European Policy Framework .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Research Problem ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives of research .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Questions ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Scope and Delimitations ............................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Structure of the Thesis .................................................................................................................. 6 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Research purpose ................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Research Approach ................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Reliability and Validity ........................................................................................................... 10 3. STRATEGIC PLANNING OF A RAILWAY SYSTEM .................................................................... 11 3.1 Presentation of a system ...................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 System’s environment .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Representation of a railway infrastructure system .................................................................... 13 3.2.1 The presentation of a mobility system ................................................................................. 13 3.2.2 The presentation of railway infrastructure system .............................................................. 14 3.3 Tactical and strategic planning of a system ................................................................................ 16 3.4 Performance measures related to the operation of a system .................................................... 17 3.4.1 RAMS Analysis for Railway Track ......................................................................................... 17 3.4.2 Factors Affecting RAMS........................................................................................................ 18 3.4.3 Maintaining performance and system conditions ............................................................... 20 3.4.4 Life Cycle Analysis................................................................................................................. 22 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 22 4. WEAR MODEL DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................ 23 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 7 4.1 Simulation procedure ................................................................................................................. 25 4.1.1 Modelling the Bakerloo line ................................................................................................. 25 4.2 Rail Wear ..................................................................................................................................... 26 4.3 Technical degradation factors causing rail wear ........................................................................ 27 4.3.1 The effect of track quality (geometric characteristics) ........................................................ 27 4.3.1.1Rail wear on sharp curves .................................................................................................. 28 4.3.1.2 Rail wear on high rails ....................................................................................................... 29 4.3.1.3 Flat bottom or Bull head rail cross sections ...................................................................... 30 4.3.2 The effect of train services ................................................................................................... 31 4.3.2.1 Train speed ........................................................................................................................ 31 4.3.2.2 Utilisation of network ....................................................................................................... 32 4.3.3 The effect of Vehicle Characteristics .................................................................................... 33 4.4 Maintenance and renewal activities ........................................................................................... 36 4.4.1 Inspection of Rail Wear ........................................................................................................ 37 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 37 5.DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF EXPECTED MAINTENANCE COST ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Life Cycle Cost (LCC) theory ........................................................................................................ 40 5.1.1 LCC in Railways: the Zoeteman model ................................................................................. 41 3.2 5.2 Main obstacles to LCC implementation on Railways ...................................................... 42 5.3 Approach to Track Maintenance Cost Model in Bakerloo line ................................................... 43 5.4 Cost Modelling in London Underground..................................................................................... 44 5.4.1 Track Maintenance Cost - Track Lifespan ............................................................................ 45 5.4.2 Track Maintenance – Point Ends Lifespan ........................................................................... 47 5.5 Cost Estimation in Maintenance Phase ...................................................................................... 50 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 51 6. TRACK MAINTENANCE PLANNING ........................................................................................... 52 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 8 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 52 6.1 Evaluation of maintenance needs – State of the art .................................................................. 53 6.1.1 Framework for analysing the short terms needs ................................................................. 53 6.1.2 Framework for analyzing the long term performance ......................................................... 54 6.2 Maintenance Optimisation ......................................................................................................... 55 6.2.1 Applicability to rail track maintenance ................................................................................ 55 6.3 Strategic axes in maintenance optimisation ............................................................................... 57 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 59 7.2 Research contribution .......................................................................................................... 60 7.3 Scope for further research .......................................................................................................... 61 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 61 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 63 APPENDIX 1 ............................................................................................................................... 66 1.INTRODUCTION STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM 1 1.INTRODUCTION A short introduction to the research problem is illustrated in this chapter. It covers the problem areas of the uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ mgmt-of-railway-infra.pdf