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Using Strategies for a Purpose A Resource Guide for Secondary Foreign Language

Using Strategies for a Purpose A Resource Guide for Secondary Foreign Language Learners Georgetown University Center for Applied Linguistics The George Washington University 1 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose Dear Students, Your teacher has given you this booklet NOT because he or she takes some sort of sadistic joy in giving you more work (although we do wonder about that sometimes), but because he or she wants to make your life EASIER. Learning strategies are the key to learning more in less time. Get it? Less time studying equals more time for fun things, the things you actually want to be doing. If you use learning strategies when you study, you’ll get more out of the time you spend studying, spend less time overall studying, and you’ll probably even get better grades. Actually, you already use a whole bunch of learning strategies to you do and remember things, both inside and outside of class. The point here is to make you aware of the way you think so you can take control of those special tools your brain already knows how to use. Here’s an example. Have you ever been reading a story in Spanish and come across a word you didn’t know? You could probably make a guess about that word by looking at the other words in the sentence or story. When you did that, you were actually using a learning strategy called Make Inferences. You made a guess by using what you already knew to figure out the meaning of a word. How about another example? Have you noticed that when you conjugate different French verbs, you tend to use the same set of endings? This is your oh-so-smart brain using the strategy Find/ Apply Patterns. You figure out that there seems to be a set of rules conjugating French verbs, and you use this set of rules to conjugate new verbs that you are learning. These strategies can be used to learn any language, plus other school subjects like English and Science. The trick is to think about thinking. Once you learn how your brain works, you’ll figure out how YOU learn best, and before you know it, you’ll be acing those exams! Best Wishes, Erin 2 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose 3 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose 4 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose How to use this Booklet This booklet is designed to make your life easier and more interesting. You will find a list of 20 language learning strategies with specific examples of how they can help you complete foreign language assignments and activities. Most of these strategies will help you in all of your subjects – not just foreign language – because they will help you become a more independent and confident learner. Using Strategies for a Purpose is divided into the following sections: Examples Have conversations in pairs or groups Practice questions and answers in the classroom Learn grammar for various speaking purposes Communicate With other People in the Foreign Language Use and remembering new vocabulary Examples Read a picture caption, an advertisement, or a paragraph Find information about current events Listen to dialogues or watch videos Listen to songs Listen to spoken sentences and complete a worksheet with correct verb tenses Read and/or Listen in the Foreign Language …and Understand Read and respond to authentic materials Examples Write an essay, an email or a letter Create and perform a skit Make up TV or radio broadcasts Make Oral Presentations or Write Texts in the Foreign Language Give short oral presentations Examples Read and write about elements of daily life in the culture Listen to conversations and discuss traditional celebrations Learn about festivals, rituals, and events in the culture Learn about the art, fashion, and music of the culture Learn About the Cultures of the Foreign Language Research and present information on a place in a foreign country 5 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose Examples Read about the geography of a country in the foreign language Listen to a talk about Art History in the foreign language Make a web page using the foreign language to present information Read about historic events affecting countries where the foreign language is spoken Get Information About Other Topics Using the Foreign Language Apply strategies for reading to a difficult passage in English Examples Discuss traditional celebrations such as birthdays in various cultures Discuss sports in the foreign culture and compare them to U.S. sports Compare the government of another country with that of the U.S. Compare My Culture to the Foreign Culture Watch a video about young people abroad and then compare their interests to your own Examples Listen to popular music in the foreign language. Talk to native speakers of the language. Use Internet resources to plan an imaginary journey in a foreign country Plan a meal for a dinner party with foods from the foreign culture. Use Your Foreign Language Outside the Classroom Read an electronic discussion list in the foreign language. When You Have to Communicate with Others In language class you have to communicate with others in a lot of different ways. For example, you have conversations, role-plays, group discussions, working in pairs or groups and written correspondence such as writing personal letters and emails. The activities described below are ones that you might be asked to do in a foreign language class. Sample Activity Strategy Use of Strategy Work with a group to create an alphabet book in French. Substitute/ Paraphrase Spare Tire Substitute/paraphrase helps you speak fluently and helps you express yourself. If you don’t know a particular vocabulary word in French, then use other words that you do know to express the same idea. If you don't know the French word for “turkey,” say “the big bird that Americans eat” in French. Talk with a partner about things you do at home Cooperate Together Work together to keep the conversation going. When you are trying to think of a word, let your partner suggest vocabulary you can use. If your partner has trouble, help by offering what you know how to say. Helping each other learn will make the process more fun. Answer questions the teacher asks in the foreign language Access Information Sources Read all about it! Look around you for things that will help – posters, gestures the teacher is making, and cognates. Follow a model that you remember from the foreign language instead of translating from English. Use standard phrases, greetings, hesitation noises, and clarification questions in the foreign language to give yourself time to think of an answer to a question. Learn how to make requests. Use Real Objects/ Roleplay Lights, Camera, Action! Spend a little time imagining yourself in a situation where you make requests, such as in a Mexican restaurant. Go through the possible conversation in your mind: What will you say? What will the waiter say? What will you reply? Most highly talented language learners do a lot of “play acting” in their minds. It gives you practice and improves your performance. 6 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose 7 © National Capital Language Resource Center Learner’s Guide to Using Strategies for a Purpose Sample Activity Strategy Use of Strategy Use new vocabulary related to school subjects to interview a classmate about likes and dislikes. Transfer/ Use Cognates telephone/ teléfono/ Telefon/téléfon Look at the vocabulary list for cognates, words that are similar to the English names of school subjects. Check your understanding of the words with the glossary and ask your classmate about the classes they like or dislike. Notice how the words may have a different stress or pronunciation in the foreign language, so you won’t pronounce them the same way as in English. Comprehending What You Read and Hear Reading and listening in a foreign language can be demanding. These strategies will be help you better understand what you read or hear. You can use these strategies to help you when you listen to lectures, view foreign language films or plays, watch television, listen to songs, and read articles and stories. Sample Activity Strategy Use of Strategy Read a short passage in your text. Make Predictions Crystal Ball Look at pictures and the title to predict what the passage is about. Think of words you know about that topic. Remember to check your prediction as you read. If your prediction was not accurate, that’s fine; it still helps start your learning processes. Find out who won yesterday’s presidential election in Russia. Use Selective Attention Look for It Find an online newspaper in Russian. Read it quickly, looking for headlines with words that you think might relate to the election. When you find such words, read the uploads/Litterature/ using-strategies-for-a-purpose-a-resource-guide-for-secondary-foreign-language-learners.pdf