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Process Safety Guidance ALARP GUIDE Foreword This ALARP Guide has been complete

Process Safety Guidance ALARP GUIDE Foreword This ALARP Guide has been completed with help of Technical Safety Engineering representatives of all Shell businesses (PT, DS, UI, and UA). The objective of the guide is to get to an improved and more coherent ALARP decision making across Shell, in line with the mandatory requirements of the HSSE & SP Control Framework. ALARP decision making involves professional judgement and is not an analytical straightforward calculation. Although this guidance is now regarded as the best available in the Group, it has been published with a mindset that it can be developed further, with input and feedback from practitioners. The steer is to use this guide and to provide feedback to the Technical Safety Engineering discipline, so we can update and build this guide to a final product. Calibration of our ALARP decision making will be helped with sharing of good examples. A template for recording ALARP Decision Records is provided in Appendix A; the Technical Safety Management Portal on the Shell Web provides completed examples for reference. Guide users are requested to provide further ALARP decision records that could help to extend our data base and help to calibrate ALARP decision making across Shell. For feedback and general enquiries please contact Bud Willoughby, GSUSI-PTD/HHSC Appreciating some of the ambiguity in ALARP decision making, we are looking forward to receiving constructive feedback to build towards a first ever comprehensive global ALARP guide for Shell. Paul Buijsingh, Group Process Safety manager GDH Technical Safety Engineering ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 1 of 35 Process Safety Guidance Table of Contents FOREWORD.........................................................................................................1 ABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................3 ALARP GUIDE...................................................................................................5 1 ALARP CONCEPT.........................................................................................6 1.1 INTRODUCTION 6 Definition.............................................................................................................................................6 2 ALARP RELATED CONCEPTS.......................................................................7 Inherent Safety.....................................................................................................................................7 Tolerability...........................................................................................................................................7 Uncertainty & Gross Disproportion.....................................................................................................8 UKOOA – ALARP Decision Framework..............................................................................................9 Bow-Ties............................................................................................................................................10 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ALARP DEMONSTRATION............................................12 3.1 INTRODUCTION 12 3.2 RISK TOLERABILITY CRITERIA 13 4 ALARP DEMONSTRATION PROCESS..................................................................15 4.1 IDENTIFY & ASSESS PHASE 15 4.2 SELECT PHASE 15 4.3 DEFINE PHASE 16 4.4 EXECUTE PHASE 17 4.5 OPERATE PHASE 18 4.6 ALARP DEMONSTRATION PRINCIPLES 20 4.7 CATALOGUE DESIGN (PACKAGE / SKID UNITS) 21 5 REFERENCES................................................................................................23 APPENDIX A – ALARP DEMONSTRATION WORKSHEET – TEMPLATE................24 EXAMPLE ALARP WORKSHEET TEMPLATE 25 APPENDIX B – GETTING TO ALARP – GUIDING STATEMENTS....................................26 APPENDIX C – RISK TOLERABILITY CRITERIA............................................................32 ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 2 of 35 Process Safety Guidance ABBREVIATIONS Acronym Definition ACAL Asset Controls and Assurance List AI-PSM Asset Integrity Process Safety Management ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable API American Petroleum Institute BAT Best Available Technology CBA Cost Benefit Analysis CBL Consequential Business Loss DCAF Discipline Control Assurance Framework DEP Design Engineering Practices DEM Design Engineering Manual DP Design Pressure DS Downstream DSM Downstream Manufacturing DT Design Temperature EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EV Expecation Value FAR Fatal Accident Rate FAQ Frequently Asked Question HAZID Hazard Identification HEMP Hazard Effects Management Process HFE Human Factors Engineering HRA Health Risk Assessment HSSE Health, Safety, Security & Environment HSSE&SP CF Health, Safety Security Environment & Social Performance Control Framework GDH Global Discipline Head IRPA Individual Risk per Annum ISO International Standards Organization LOPA Layer of Protection Analysis LS[I]R Location Specific [Individual] Risk MAH Major Accident Hazard MIACC Major Incident Accident Council Canada MOC Management of Change ORP Opportunity Realisation Process PCAP Project Controls Assurance Plan ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 3 of 35 Process Safety Guidance PEM Physical Effects Modelling PLL Potential Loss of Life PS Process Safety PSR Process Safety Review PT Projects Technology QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment RAM Risk Assessment Matrix SCE Safety Critical Equipment or Safety Critical Element SIL/IPF Safety Integrity Level / Instrument Protective Function SoF Statement of Fitness QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment UA Upstream Americas UI Upstream International UKOOA Unitied Kingdom Offshore Operators Assocation (which has effectively been replaced, since 2007, by Oil & Gas UK) ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 4 of 35 Process Safety Guidance ALARP GUIDE Purpose This guidance describes a suitable approach to demonstrating ALARP for a wide range of HSSE & SP risk management decisions. This guidance together with the HSSE Case guidance will enable businesses to meet the minimum requirements of the HSSE & SP Control Framework Managing Risk Manual to provide a documented demonstration of ALARP. This document outlines the means by which ALARP can be consistently demonstrated for all assets and projects across Shell. Background The Shell Group Control Framework for Health, Security, Safety, Environment and Social Performance stipulates that risks shall be managed to ALARP. Who is this for?  Business Opportunity Managers and Business Leaders  Project Managers;  Asset Managers / Operations Managers  Wells Managers  Technical Safety Engineering Authorities  HSSE Professionals. Accountability & Responsibility  The accountability for demonstration of ALARP, as stipulated in the HSSE&SP Control Framework, is with the Business Leaders, Asset Managers and Project Managers.  The responsibility for HSSE DCAF deliverables mentioned in the guidance document is defined in the PCAP for each project, or for existing assets in the ACAL.  The Technical Authority for the ALARP demonstration report is Technical Safety Engineering. ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 5 of 35 Process Safety Guidance 1 ALARP CONCEPT 1.1 Introduction Within the HSSE & SP Control Framework, the Management System (MS) Manual describes specific requirements regarding the management of HSSE Risks in assets, facilities, operations, projects and activities where the HSSE & SP Control Framework applies. In Particular;-  The Managing Risk Manual requires: o where reasonably practicable, eliminate hazards or substitute hazards that have risk in the yellow and red area of the RAM with ones having lower risk. o identify and implement controls and recovery measures for hazards with risks in the yellow and red area of the RAM to reduce the risk to ALARP. o a Hazards and Effects Register that includes reference to the Shell HSSE & SP CF requirements, legislation or industry codes used to determine ALARP or reference to the process by which ALARP is determined. o for Hazards that have risk in the red and yellow 5A and 5B areas of the RAM: identification of criteria for ALARP determination and their consistent application; provision of a documented demonstration of ALARP.  The Asset Integrity Process Safety Management Application Manual (AIPSM) focuses on the identification and documentation of hazards with process safety risks in the red or yellow 5A and 5B areas of the RAM and requires that these are managed to ALARP as specified in the Managing Risk Manual.  The HSSE&SP Control Framework Projects Manual requires that the HSSE & SP project risks be identified, assessed documented and managed in line with the Managing Risk Manual.  The Human Factors Engineering section of the Health manual requires that relevant results of implementation of the project HFE Strategy are incorporated into the ALARP demonstration. This guidance document describes the means by which ALARP may be demonstrated for a variety of Project, Asset and Activity Risks to support users in meeting the above requirements of the HSSE & SP Control Framework Manuals. It further provides a description of the ALARP demonstration process and risk management tools that may be used to support an ALARP demonstration. The demonstration of ALARP is often documented in a so-called “HSE Case” (or Safety Case, if limited to safety aspects of a Project, Asset or Activity only). Definition The definition of ALARP is widely accepted, and defined in the HSSE & SP, as: ‘The point at which the cost (in time, money and effort) of further Risk reduction is grossly disproportionate to the Risk reduction achieved’. 1 1 The principle is based on English Tort Law (Edwards v. The National Coal Board,1949):“ ‘Reasonably practicable’ is a narrower term than ‘physically possible’ and it seems to me to imply that a computation must be made by the owner, in which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale and the sacrifice ALARP Guide Rev B – Issue for useMay 2013 Page 6 of 35 Process Safety Guidance The characteristics of ALARP are:  A risk must be understood and assessed in detail before making an ALARP decision. If the risk is not well understood, a precautionary approach should be adopted.  For well understood risks in standard situations, the application of applicable codes and standards together with Good Practice will normally be sufficient to demonstrate ALARP – the assumption is that an ALARP judgement was made in establishing the good practice.  High risks associated with a hazard or hazardous activity typically require more cost and effort to demonstrate ALARP than lower risks.  ALARP can change over time. Changes in societal values, expectations, technology, codes and standards and cost reductions in risk reduction techniques will mean ALARP continually changes. Projects will typically benefit from early determination of measures to reduce risks to ALARP, resulting in a safer design with lower impact on the environment. Legislation, Industry standards and Recommended Practices are used across industry uploads/Management/ alarp-guide.pdf