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Insulation guide 1 DEFINITION OF INSULATION Insulation is de ?ned as those materials or combinations of materials which retard the ow of heat energy by performing one or more of the following functions Conserve energy by reducing heat loss or gain Control

DEFINITION OF INSULATION Insulation is de ?ned as those materials or combinations of materials which retard the ow of heat energy by performing one or more of the following functions Conserve energy by reducing heat loss or gain Control surface temperatures for personnel protection and comfort Facilitate temperature control of a process Prevent vapor ow and water condensation on cold surfaces Increase operating e ?ciency of heating ventilating cooling plumbing steam process and power systems found in commercial and industrial installations Prevent or reduce damage to equipment from exposure to ?re or corrosive atmospheres Assist mechanical systems in meeting USDA FDA criteria in food and cosmetic plants The temperature ranges Thermal Insulation - ?C - ?F to ?C ?F Cryogenic below - ?C - ?F Refractory above ?C ?F Thermal insulation is further divided into three general application temperature ranges as follows A Low Temperature Thermal Insulation ?C through ?C ?F through ?F -- i e Cold or chilled water - ?C through - ?C ?F through - ?F -- i e Refrigeration or glycol - ?C through - ?C - ?F through - ?F -- i e Refrigeration or brine - ?C through - ?C - ?F through - ?F -- i e cryogenic B Intermediate Temperature Thermal Insulation ?C through ?C ?F through ?F -- i e Hot water and steam condensate ?C through ?C ?F through ?F -- i e Steam high temperature hot water C High Temperature Thermal Insulation ?C through ?C ?F through ?F -- i e Turbines breechings stacks exhausts incinerators boilers CGENERIC TYPES AND FORMS OF INSULATION The type indicates composition i e glass plastic and internal structure i e cellular ?brous The form implies overall shape or application i e board blanket pipe insulation TYPES Fibrous Insulation Composed of small diameter ?bers which ?nely divide the air space The ?bers may be perpendicular or horizontal to the surface being insulated and they may or may not be bonded together Silica rock wool slag wool and alumina silica ?bers are used The most widely used insulation of this type are glass ?ber and mineral wool Cellular Insulation Composed of small individual cells separated from each other The cellular material may be glass or foamed plastic such as polystyrene closed cell polyurethane polyisocyanurate plyole ?n and elastomeric Granular Insulation Composed of small nodules which contain voids or hollow spaces It is not considered a true cellular material since gas can be transferred between the individual spaces This type may be produced as a loose or pourable material or combined with a binder and ?bers to make a rigid insulation Examples of these insulations are calcium silicate expanded vermiculite perlite cellulose diatomaceous earth and expanded polystyrene FORMS Rigid boards blocks sheets and pre-formed shapes such as pipe insulation curved segment lagging etc Cellular granular and ?brous insulations are produced in these forms Flexible sheets and pre-formed shapes Cellular and ?brous insulations are produced in these forms Flexible blankets Fibrous insulations are produced in exible blankets