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1 The Basic Framework  Must be completed as an individual. No group papers. 

1 The Basic Framework  Must be completed as an individual. No group papers.  No less than 1,500 words, no more than 2,500 words (about 6-10 pages).  Contains citations to document work (footnotes, endnotes, or other internal documentation).  Be sure to check the Contest Rulebook for additional requirements and guidelines. A paper is the traditional form of presenting historical research. A History Day paper is not simply a biography or a book report. It is a grammatically correct and well-written historical argument. Various types of creative writing (for example, fictional diaries, poems, etc.) are permitted, but must conform to all general and category rules. What is a historical paper? Creating a History Day paper can be a rewarding experience and can be a successful way to communicate an argument about a topic. You will especially enjoy the paper category if you like to write and can express your ideas well through writing. The paper category is also great because you need very little visual evidence to support your argument, unlike a documentary. Since you cannot create a group paper fro NHD, you also have to be willing to work alone. It's important to remember that projects in the paper category must be completed and submitted in advance of History Day competitions, usually one to two weeks before the event takes place. This will give judges time to read your paper in advance of your interview. While it may be a challenge to complete the project before students in other categories, you will be far more relaxed than your fellow students the night before the competition. Why Should I Choose the Paper Category? History Day Paper Formatting The National History Day Rulebook provides specific formatting guidelines for paper entries. Pay special attention to the following requirements:  Papers must be typed, computer printed, or legibly handwritten in ink.  Print papers on plain, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper with 1-inch margins on all sides.  Pages must be numbered consecutively and double-spaced.  Pages must be single-sided.  Papers must be stapled in the top left corner and should not be enclosed in any cover or binder.  The title page should list your title, name, and division/category only.  No illustrations are permitted on the title page.  It’s best to use a font that is easy to read, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and an average-size font (10, 11, or 12 point). It may look like quite a list of rules, but following these guidelines will help make sure your paper looks as polished and professional as possible! I love NHD! 2 How do I count words in a historical paper? Each word or number in the text of the paper counts as one word. The word limit does not apply to: notes, annotated bibliography, illustration captions, and supplemental/appendix material. May I include an appendix in my paper? Yes, but appendix material must be directly referenced in the text of the paper. Extensive supplemental materials are inappropriate. Use of appendices should be very limited and may include photographs, maps, charts and graphs. May I include illustrations in my paper? Yes, illustrations (such as photographs, maps, charts, and graphs) can be included in your paper. However, it's important that all supplemental material is directly tied to the content of your paper and that illustrations effectively help you to prove your argument. They should not just be used for decoration. May I include other elements—such as an exhibit board or PowerPoint—with my paper? No, in choosing the paper category you are limited to submitting only your written paper and supporting materials (annotated bibliography and optional appendix). No other elements are permitted. Is creative writing permitted as a historical paper? Yes, you can submit various forms of creative writing, such as fictional diaries or poems. Remember, however, that all paper entries must still conform to category rules. Most importantly, all papers must convey and support a historical argument. Look at the NHD criteria for a paper to see how you can combine a creative style of writing with historical research and analysis. Creating a paper for History Day is similar to other research papers you have written and generally falls into three basic steps: 1. Collection of Information The process you will go through to collect information for a paper is the same as for all other History Day categories. The information you collect will form the basis for your entire paper. See the NHD in Wisconsin Student Guide for more information on research and note taking. 2. Organization of Information The organization of information is especially important to create a successful historical paper. This begins with the analysis of your research and development of your argument or thesis statement. You can then begin to divide your research into different categories and draft an outline. Your outline is important as it is the roadmap for your entire project. Remember that each section in your outline (and in your final paper) should help support and prove your thesis. 3. Presentation of the topic in an interesting and convincing way A historical research paper is more than just a story and is more interesting than just the presentation of one fact after another. To create a structured argument, each paragraph should have a topic sentence to focus the content of that paragraph. By following an outline that is connected to your thesis, you are going to build solid and convincing support for your argument. Additionally, what sorts of supporting materials can you incorporate into your paper? Are there quotes from historical actors that you can incorporate into you paper as evidence? Would a relevant map, photograph, or chart help your viewer to understand your argument? Finally, it is important to work through multiple drafts of your paper before you turn the final copy in to a competition or your teacher. Think critically about your paper and ask for feedback from others. Do you have a clear argument? Is your paper well-organized? Have you checked for spelling and grammatical errors? NOTE: There are many books available on how to write research papers and you may find it helpful to look at one or more of them before you begin. Ask your history or English teacher to suggest some useful guides. 3 The annotated bibliography and the citations in your paper work together to show your reader the research that you have done and to demonstrate how this research has influenced your argument. Understanding bibliographies and citations and successfully incorporating them into a research paper will be a skill that is necessary through middle school, high school, college, and beyond. Annotated Bibliographies The bibliography is a list of sources you have consulted in creating your paper. This listing of every source that contributed to your project will be stapled to the end of your paper. Each source will be annotated, which is a brief description of how that source was useful to your research. Keep a working bibliography to track the sources you have used throughout your research process. It will be very challenging, if not impossible, to try and remember this information once you have finished your project. Refer to the NHD in Wisconsin Student Guide and a style manual for MLA or Turabian (the accepted NHD citation styles) for additional information on creating this document.  Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations  Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Citations Citations are used within the paper to show the origins of ideas or quotations presented in the paper. History Day students can use several different styles of citations – footnotes, endnotes or parenthetical citations – depending on the citation style they choose (MLA or Turabian). What is a citation? Your historical paper will be created using the evidence and ideas created by other researchers or historical actors. Citations are a writer's explanations that ideas or quotations presented in the paper are not their own. Citations not only give credit to the originators of the ideas, but also point out the historical evidence in support of your argument about the past. NOTE: The failure to acknowledge the origin of an idea or a quote is the equivalent to using someone else’s work and claiming it as your own. This is plagiarism and can have serious consequences! Usually citations occur in three situations: 1. Quoting a Primary Source: An example of this would be including a selection from a speech or interview in your paper. 2. Quoting a Secondary Source: If you include a direct quotation in your paper from someone else (such as a book) you must cite it. 3. Paraphrasing a Secondary Source: Even if you change the author's ideas into your own words you must cite where you found this information when you include it in your paper. NOTE: Footnotes and endnotes can also be used to provide further explanation for your paper. If there is an idea uploads/Philosophie/ guide-paper 1 .pdf