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UNIVERSITY OF BOUZAREAH 2 FACULTY OF HUMAIN AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LIBRARY SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF BOUZAREAH 2 FACULTY OF HUMAIN AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LIBRARY SCIENCE DEPARTEMENT Electronic English copybook By: Guechairi Samira 2012-2013 List of content: The importance of English language Phonetic Journal: journal article, e-journal, library journal, list of e-journal in LIS How to write an abstract Example of e-journal article :« challenges, strategies and tools for research scientists…" How to Evaluate web-based resources Open access Academic institutional repositories Deep web Digital library Library automation Hybrid library Academic libraries in the digital revolution Digital library collection Electronic Resources Collection Management Policy knowledge organization in digital libraries Knowledge organization system KOS Semantic Digital Library semantic Web Marketing for libraries List of Encyclopedies List of dictionnaries Tenses : Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Present Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Past Continuous The importance of English language ENGLISH LANGUAGE FACTS ABOUT ENGLISH English is the most widespread language in the world. English is more widely spoken and written than any other language. English language Why has English use spread so extensively? And why do scientists have to learn English?  Because of the huge advance in science and technology in the U.S.A . This obliges scientists throughout the world to master this language to acquire knowledge about the new technologies and address themselves to the majority of the international scientific community by publishing their own research results in this language. English language English is necessary for living on the Internet. 6% of the inhabitants of the Globe who speaks English use 65% of Internet sites. In 1997, the Science Citation Index reported that 95% of its articles were written in English, even though only half of them came from authors in English-speaking countries. Most information available on the Internet is in English . English language in the Internet http://www.internetworldstats.com/ TOP TEN LANGUAGES IN THE INTERNET Internet Users by Language Internet Penetratio n by Language Growth in Internet (2000 - 2011) Internet Users % of Total World Population for this Language (2011 Estimate) English 565,004,12 6 43.4 % 301.4 % 26.8 % 1,302,275,670 Chinese 509,965,01 3 37.2 % 1,478.7 % 24.2 % 1,372,226,042 Spanish 164,968,74 2 39.0 % 807.4 % 7.8 % 423,085,806 Japanese 99,182,000 78.4 % 110.7 % 4.7 % 126,475,664 Portuguese 82,586,600 32.5 % 990.1 % 3.9 % 253,947,594 German 75,422,674 79.5 % 174.1 % 3.6 % 94,842,656 Arabic 65,365,400 18.8 % 2,501.2 % 3.3 % 347,002,991 French 59,779,525 17.2 % 398.2 % 3.0 % 347,932,305 Russian 59,700,000 42.8 % 1,825.8 % 3.0 % 139,390,205 Korean 39,440,000 55.2 % 107.1 % 2.0 % 71,393,343 TOP 10 LANGUAGES 1,615,957,3 33 36.4 % 421.2 % 82.2 % 4,442,056,069 Rest of the Languages 350,557,48 3 14.6 % 588.5 % 17.8 % 2,403,553,891 WORLD TOTAL 2,099,926,9 65 30.3 % 481.7 % 100.0 % 6,930,055,15 Top Ten Languages Used in the Web ( Number of Internet Users by Language ) http://www.internetworldstats.com/ English language To reach this worldwide audience, scientists must publish in English. Publishing in English become synonymous with international prestige and high quality. Publishing in English is an indicator that the publisher recognizes that the maximum number of readers can be reached(with English). Bibliographie:  The first cour of English language is from the English teacher‘s .  INTERNET WORLD USERS BY LANGUAGE Top 10 Languages: http://www.internetworldstats.com/ Phonetic Phonetics Do I need to know the phonetic symbols Phoneme /f ni m / əʊ ː any one of the set of smallest units of speech in language that distinguish one word from another. In English, the S in Sip and the Z in Zip represent tow different phonemes. phonemic /f ni m k/ əˈ ː ɪ (adjective) phonetically :/ f net kl / əˈ ɪ ɪ (adverb ) phonetic : / net k/ əˈ ɪ Connected with the sounds of human speech ; using special symbols to represent these sounds : the phonetic alphabet . phonetics / net ks/ əˈ ɪ ( noun)The study of the sounds of human speech phonology : /f n l əʊ ɒ əʤɪ/ decoding rapid speech ; signaling a question by intonation ; linking ; stress and rhythm ; developing fluency and confidence ; consonant clusters Pronunciation is important for both listening and speaking. In writing, words are made of letters, in speech, words are made of sounds Letters are not always the same as sounds. In the examples below, words pairs has the same pronunciation but different spelling / ba / ɪ buy bye /s n/ ʌ sun son / wi k/ ː weak week / we / ɪ weight way /tu:/ too (tow) / ra t / ɪ write right Stress /stres/ pronounced with emphasis The force that you put on a particular word or part of a word when you speak In the word ‘dictionary’ the stress is on the first syllable, ‘dic’ /dIk nri ʃə / Many dictionaries use phonemic symbols to show pronunciation. It is useful to learn them. (a bilingual / monolingual dictionary) Stress is shown by a mark( ‘ ) in front of the stressed syllable. Mother/ m ð r/ ˈ ʌ ə average/’ævrI / ʤ About/ ’bavt/ ə tonight /t ’na t/ ə ɪ A, B, C,…….. : pronunciation /e / : A ,H,J,K ɪ /i:/ : E,B,C,D,G,P,T,V /a / : I,y ɪ / / : o əʊ /ju:/ : u,a,w /e/ : F,L,M,N,S,X,Z /a: (r)/ R Remember : A (/e /) and R (/a : (r) /) ɪ E(/i :/) and I (/aI/) G (/ i :/) and j (/ e /) ʤ ʤ ɪ V (/vi:/) and (/’dr blju:/) ʌ Phonetic symbols Vowels Symbol : example : /i :/ eat/ i t/ ː /i/ happy / hæp / ˈ ɪ / / it ɪ / t/ ɪ /e/ when /wen/ /æ/ cat /kæt/ / / hard ɑː / h d/ ɑː / / not ɒ /n t/ ɒ / / sort ɔː / s t ɔː /; all/ t / ɔː / / look ʊ / l k/ ʊ / u / too ː /tu / ː / / cup ʌ / k p/ ʌ / / first ɜː / f st/ ɜː / :/ about ə / ba t/ əˈ ʊ ; mother /m ð r / ʌ ə /e / day ɪ / de / ɪ /a / my ɪ /ma / ɪ / / boy ɔɪ / b / ɔɪ /a / now ʊ /na / ʊ / / go əʊ /g / əʊ / / here ɪə /h r/ ɪə /e / chair ə / e r/ ʧ ə / / tourist ʊə / t r st/ ˈ ʊə ɪ Consonants : Symbol : example : /p/ pen /pen/ /b/ big /b g/ ɪ /t/ two /tu / ː /d/ day /de / ɪ /k/ keep /ki p/ ː /g/ get /get/ / / ʧ choose / u z/ ʧ ː / / ʤ job / b/ ʤɒ /f/ fall /f l/ ɔː /v/ very / ver / ˈ ɪ /θ/ think /θ ŋk/ ɪ /ð/ then /ðen/ /s/ see /si / ː /z/ zoo /zu / ː / / ʃ shop / p/ ʃɒ / / ʒ pleasure / ple r/ ˈ ʒə Occasionally / ke n l / əˈ ɪʒə ə ɪ /h/ who /hu / ː /m/ meet /mi t/ ː /n/ no /n / əʊ /ŋ/ sing /s ŋ/ ɪ /l/ long /l ŋ/ ɒ /r/ right /ra t/ ɪ /j/ yes /jes/ /w/ will /w l/ ɪ Some difinitions search / s3;tS: an attempt to find sb/sth, especially by looking carefully for them it. re·search /ri;s3;tS/: a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it. source / sO;s ; sO;rs: a place, person or thing that you get sth from. re·source / rI'sO;:s; -'zO;s or 'ri;sO;rs; rI'sO;rs: something that can be used to help achieve an aim, especially a book, equipment, etc. that provides information for teachers and students Journal: journal article, e-journal, library journal, list of e-journal in LIS Journal What’s a journal ? A periodical devoted to disseminating original research and commentary on current developments in a specific discipline, sub discipline or field of study, usually published in quarterly, bimonthly issues sold by subscription. odlis.pdf Journals or scholarly journals are also called academic, peer-reviewed or refereed journals. Journal In journals in the sciences and social sciences, an abstract usually precedes the text of the article, summarizing its content. Most scholarly journals are peer-reviewed. Journals refer only to those scholarly journals that submit articles to several other scholars, experts, or academics (peers) in the field for review and comment. These reviewers must agree that the article represents properly conducted original research or writing before it can be published. Journal Articles from some journals are available in digital format in full-text bibliographie databases, usually by licensee agreement.  Some journal publishers also provide an electronic version accessible via the world wide Web. Scholars often use a current contents service to keep abreast of the journal literature in their fields of interest and uploads/Science et Technologie/ daa-cahier-electronic.pdf