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EL 112: MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE Definition of Folk Literature 1. Folklore refers

EL 112: MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE Definition of Folk Literature 1. Folklore refers to the oral transmission of traditional beliefs, traditions, rituals, and legends from generation to generation. - LibGuides Genres of Folk Literature 1. Folk Song A folk song is a song that originated among the people of a country or region, was passed down through the generations by oral tradition, and is characterized by a simple, modal melody and stanzaic, narrative verse. - Dictionary.com It implies the use of music, and the musical tradition varies greatly from one area to another. Britannica.com Examples: Bahay Kubo, Dandansoy, Atin Cu Pung Singsing, Magtanim ay Di Biro Lyrics of “Bahay Kubo” Bahay kubo kahit munti Mga gulay dito ay sari-sari Singkamas at talong Sigarilyas at mani Sitaw bataw patani Kundol, patola, upo’t kalabasa At saka mayroon pang labanos, mustasa, sibuyas, kamatis, bawang at luya sa paligid-ligid ay puro linga. Background: Bahay Kubo is a Tagalog-language folk song from the Philippines' Luzon lowlands. Emilia S. Cavan created a collection of Filipino folk songs in 1924, and it was included in that collection. The song is about a bahay kubo (lit. 'Cube House' in English), a bamboo house with a nipa leaf roof surrounded by various types of vegetables. Lyrics of “Dandansoy” Dandansoy, bayaan ta icao Pauli aco sa Payao Ugaling con icao hidlauon Ang Payaw imo lang lantauon Background: Dandansoy is a popular Visayan folksong in the Philippines about a woman who left her lover; however, she is giving him a chance to be with her if he can prove his undying love. Lyrics of “Atin Cu Pung Singsing” Background: Atin Cu Pung Singsing is a classic Filipino folk song particularly Kapampangan sung by adults and children from Central Luzon, Philippines. The song's origin is uncertain, and whether it is prehistoric or colonial has been debated. However, because the melody is comparable to Spanish and Mexican folk songs of the time, it is most likely from the 18th century. The folk song features a lady as the protagonist and a man as a supporting role. The woman in the song is hunting for a lost ring that her mother gave her, and she offers her love as a prize to the man who can find it. 2. Ballad It is a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture. – Oxford Languages It's characterized by local metrical patterns and frequently archaic musical modes, and it's mainly about domestic or warlike struggle, disasters on land or sea, crime and punishment, heroes and outlaws, and, occasionally, but rarely, comedy. Examples: Annabel Lee, All the Worlds a Stage, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe Background: "Annabel Lee" is a film about a teenage love that is tragically cut short. The speaker (generally considered to be Poe himself, whose young wife died just before he composed this poem) describes his relationship with the now-deceased Annabel Lee as pure, eternal, and all-conquering love. Even though the speaker's love for Annabel Lee was short-lived, it was too strong to be overcome by death. The poem claims that love is the most powerful force on earth by depicting this deeply idealized love. "Annabel Lee" is Edgar Allan Poe's final complete poem. It examines the issue of the death of a beautiful woman, as do many of Poe's writings. Even angels are envious of the narrator's love for Annabel Lee, whom he first fell in love with when they were both young. Even after she dies, he still loves her. There has been discussion about who, if anyone, inspired "Annabel Lee." Poe's wife Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe is one of the more credible choices, despite the fact that many other women have been offered. It was written in 1849 but not published until 1850, shortly after Poe's death. All the Worlds a Stage By William Shakespeare Background: "All the World's a Stage" is a line from Shakespeare's poetry "As You Like It," in which the speaker, Jaques, sees the world as a temporary stage on which everyone plays a part in seven distinct stages of existence. The famous speech ‘All the world’s a stage’ was first published as part of As You Like It in the First Folio in 1623. Scholars are unsure when the play was performed for the first time but it was likely sometime around 1603. The play is a five-act pastoral comedy that features a monologue in which Jacques considers the nature of the world, the roles men and women play, and how one ages, being “All the world’s a stage”. 1. Infancy (lines 5-6): The first stage of man’s life is infantry. In the monologue, readers can find an image of a baby crying softly and throwing up in the caregiver’s lap. 2. Boyhood (lines 7-9): The image of a school-going boy unwilling to go to school describes this stage. 3. Adolescence/Teenage (lines 9-11): In this stage, Shakespeare presents an image of a dejected lover who composes sad songs for his beloved. 4. Youth (lines 11-15): He projects the stage of youth by depicting the life of a soldier. As a soldier, a person in his youths is unafraid of dire challenges. 5. Middle Age (lines 15-19): The fifth stage deals with middle age and it is described by the picture of a judge or one who practices law. In this stage of life, one starts to mature and becomes wiser than before. 6. Old Age (lines 19-25): Just before the final stage, comes old age, turning the manly voice of youth into the childish trebles and whistling. It makes the body weak and the mind, dependent upon others. 7. Death (lines 25-28): In the finale of this seven-act-play of life, the strange and eventful history ends abruptly. It leaves a man with nothing. 3. Folk Drama Folk drama is a type of nonprofit rural theater and pageantry based on folklore and local history. With the development of printing, broad literacy, and a growing emphasis on the individual contributions of playwrights, directors, and performers to the drama, this type of theatre, which was formerly popular all over the world, began to fade in popularity in the West (though not in Asia). – Encyclopedia.com Examples: Moro-moro, Duplo, Senakulo Moro-moro - The earliest known form of organized theatre in the Philippines, moro- moro, also known as comedia, was founded by Spanish monks. Apart from epic recitations, any indigenous theatrical forms that may have existed before to the arrival of the Spanish were eliminated in order to assist the spread of Christianity. Duplo - The duplo, which evolved from indigenous courtship rituals, is a poetic discussion expressed through song and dance. To deliver their suit to the woman of their choosing, poets employed proverbs and riddles. This eventually grew into a more official debate on topics, and the balagtasan was born. Senakulo - The senakulo, or Passion Play, is another performing art that has its roots in Catholic tradition. This is a portrayal of Jesus Christ's life and death that is typically performed as a community activity during the Lenten season. This is still going strong today, with everything from modest productions to more technically advanced and contemporary renditions. 4. Fable Fable is a tale form in which animals act and speak like humans and are recounted to emphasize human follies and shortcomings. A moral—or lesson for behavior—is weaved throughout the story and typically stated overtly at the conclusion. – Britannica.com It is a narration intended to enforce a useful truth especially : one in which animals speak and act like human beings. – Merriam Webster Most Western fables come from the famous fabulist Aesop, who wrote in ancient Greece. The word “fable” comes from the Latin “fabula,” or “story.” Most Western fables come from the famous fabulist Aesop, who wrote in ancient Greece. In ancient Greek education, students were taught fables and encouraged to make up and recite their own. The oldest known fables are those in the Panchatantra, a collection of fables in Sanskrit A fable is a short story that illustrates a moral lesson. The plot of a fable includes a simple conflict and a resolution, followed by a maxim. Fables feature anthropomorphized animals and natural elements as main characters. When we say anthropomorphized, animals and even inanimate objects (like the wind, or the sun) are the main characters of the story and are given human qualities. Some animals have specific traits associated with them. For example, an owl is wise, a fox is cunning, and a lion is brave. The Fox and the Grapes - The word "sour grapes" comes from this fable, in which a fox spots a bunch of grapes high up on a branch and desires them desperately. He tries to reach them with a running jump but misses. He tries again and again, but it is in vain. Finally, he uploads/Societe et culture/ el-112-mythology-and-folklore-definition-of-folk-literature.pdf