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Pronunciation guide for english

Pronunciation Guide for English In the English writing system many of the graphemes letters and letter groups have more than one possible pronunciation Sometimes speci ?c sequences of letters can alert the reader to the possible pronunciation required for example note the letter sequences shown as ? hollow letters ? in this guide as in ? watch ? ? salt ? and ? city ? - indicating that in these words with these letter patterns letter a is usually code for the o sound and letter c is always code for the s sound Slash marks around a letter or letters - for example o s or sh - indicate a sound ?? usually at the level of the phoneme ?? the smallest unit of sound identi ?able in speech This Pronunciation Guide is not comprehensive as it does not include all the graphemes and sounds in the English language The guide is based on letters groups of letters and common spelling patterns which generally have more than one pronunciation dependent on the words themselves This is NOT the same as an Alphabetic Code Chart based on ALL the phonemes Some of the word examples in the Pronunciation Guide below are words used commonly but they have very unusual spellings for example ? any ? ? said ? ? pretty ? ? women ? and ? choir ? The guide below cannot be de ?nitive about how to pronounce each word because pronunciations vary according to regional or national accents in the English language The complexity of the Pronunciation Guide demonstrates the advisability of teaching the English alphabetic code the grapheme-phoneme correspondences for reading and for spelling systematically and thoroughly Some learners are able to deduce the alphabetic code for themselves through lots of book experience and writing experience as they mature although they may not fully appreciate that they are ? picking up ? what is known as the alphabetic code ?? or alphabetic principle Other learners however only manage to ? pick up ? some alphabetic code without explicit teaching ?? or they may fail to deduce the alphabetic principle at all - regardless of their book experience at home or in school Years of research and leading-edge practice has shown that the best way to teach reading and spelling in the English language is to teach the English alphabetic code and the core phonics skills of decoding for reading and encoding for spelling very explicitly systematically and comprehensively ?? providing reading spelling and writing activities which match the code that has been taught to date This approach serves all learners of all ages and is essential for many learners whatever their age The Phonics International programme is designed and organised around the free Alphabetic Code Charts at www alphabeticcodecharts com The notion of the Alphabetic Code Chart is based on the ? units of sound mainly at phoneme level ? of the English language and the graphemes which are code for the sounds This Pronunciation Guide in