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Abgadiyat 12 2017 roccati 12 17

? ? Egypt as crossroad between Africa and Asia in the Old Bronze Age ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Alessandro Roccati ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Abgadiyat CEgypt as Crossroads between Africa and Asia in the Old Bronze Age More than one century ago in an Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli visiting Aswan participated in the discovery of some inscriptions engraved on the facade of the tomb of Harkhuf high on the cli ? of the Necropolis named Qubbet el-Hawa Actually his discovery was double for he soon realized the importance of the hieroglyphic inscriptions which showed the ?rst available reports of several trips to Africa Prince Harkhuf lived in the second half of Sixth Dynasty around BCE and he spent some long period of his life travelling southwards along di ?erent routes with hundreds of donkeys to carry the goods the Pharaoh had sent him for The route must have been well known to an Egyptian at least since the exploitation of quarries during the th Dynasty at Toshkeh and beyond Dakhla The geography of these expeditions is now somewhat better known thanks to various discoveries which shed light on very early civilizations of Africa despite the lack of certitude about the localization of a number of relevant place names However Egypt can no longer be considered an isolated and self-su ?cient power as the ancient Egyptians could cover rather long distances and many wellto-do foreigners came to settle in their country The excavations carried out by Charles Bonnet resuming those of George Reisner in the modern site of Kerma have revealed an important capital city upstream the Third Cataract which was in uential since the th millennium BCE and after the Egyptian conquest around BCE took the name of Pnubs the jujube tree perhaps a translation of the term Yam used in Harkhuf ? s inscriptions Some gra ?ti recently recovered far away in the Arabian and Libyan deserts bear additional evidence of the passage of Egyptian expeditions like those related by Harkhuf in his tomb A hieratic gra