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Ecology study guide Biology Science of Ecology Study Guides Big Picture Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their surrounding environment Ecosystems are umbrellas of organisms and their interactions with each other an

Biology Science of Ecology Study Guides Big Picture Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their surrounding environment Ecosystems are umbrellas of organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment Ecosystems can describe the entire Amazon Rainforest or simply a rotting log on the forest ground Because an ecosystem is shaped by abiotic and biotic factors the world with its wide diversity of physical conditions creates a variety of environments Within an ecosystem producers provide food for consumers and both of their carcasses are then broken down by decomposers This simple food chain makes up intricate food webs within an ecosystem Key Terms Ecology The study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment Abiotic Factor A physical aspect an environment also known as a non-living factor Biotic Factor A living aspect of the environment Ecosystem An ecosystem is a complex system that consists of all the biotic living and abiotic physical aspects of the environment Niche The role of a species in its ecosystem which includes the way that the species interacts with the abiotic and biotic factors in its environment Habitat A location where a speci ?c population of a species lives Competitive Exclusion Principle The idea that two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for a long period of time Food Chain A diagram showing a single pathway through which energy and matter ow through an ecosystem Food Web A diagram that represents multiple pathways through which energy and matter ow through an ecosystem Trophic Level The feeding positions in a food chain or food web Biomass The total mass of organisms at a speci ?c trophic level Producer or autotroph An organism that creates its own food Can be divided into photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs Consumer or heterotroph An organism that consumes other organisms for energy Can be classi ?ed as a herbivore carnivore or omnivore Decomposer An organism that breaks down the remains of producers and consumers and releases simple inorganic molecules back into the environment Can be classi ?ed as a scavenger detritivore or saprotroph Organisms and the Environment Organisms don't just live on their own isolated from the environment Instead organisms interact with the environment in a variety of ways Studying these interactions is a part of ecology The environment has two factors ??Abiotic factors include light intensity temperature range mineral availability soil rock type and relative acidity pH just to name a few ??Biotic factors include the other organisms in the environment The presence of other organisms will a ?ect an organism's growth and chances of survival The Ecosystem Here are some important things to remember about ecosystems also called ecological systems ? ? They can vary in size ? ? An ecosystem needs a constant input of energy to maintain their chemical and physical organizations Otherwise ecosystems will rapidly disintegrate This applies to other living systems as well ? ? Every species in the ecosystem have a