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Ph d 2015 adam hyllested University of Copenhagen Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe Hyllested Adam Publication date Document Version Early version also known as pre-print Citation for published version APA Hyllested A Word Exchange at the Gates of Euro

University of Copenhagen Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe Hyllested Adam Publication date Document Version Early version also known as pre-print Citation for published version APA Hyllested A Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe Five Millennia of Language Contact K? benhavns Universitet Det Humanistiske Fakultet Download date Jun FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PhD thesis Adam Hyllested Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe Five Millennia of Language Contact Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe ??Five Millennia of Language Contact PhD thesis Adam Hyllested University of Copenhagen Cover illustrations Sarmatie Européenne a map of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania by the French cartographer Alain Manesson Mallet a Corded-Ware battle axe and hammer from N? rke Sweden a burbot Lota lota European black elderberry Sambucus nigra fragment of a Varanasi silk sari with gold brocade and s with há ?ek a grapheme representing an unvoiced postalveolar sibilant WORD EXCHANGE AT THE GATES OF EUROPE Table of contents Preface Introduction Fenno-Ugric ? as Laryngeal Substitution in Words of Indo-European Provenance Stealing the Thunder of alpa ? The Fate of PIE -b o- in Anatolian The Precursors of Celtic and Germanic Again on Pigs in Ancient Europe The Fennic Connection The Other Horse Germanic Cognates of caballus Balto-Fennic Loanwords in Proto- Germanic Gothic mammo ? meat ? in the Light of Saami Evidence The Mysterious Elder Common Traits in European Names for Sambucus nigra and Viburnum opulus Balto-Fennic kakra ? oats ? the Etymology of hail and Another Exception to the Germanic Sound Shift Two Issues on Indo-European Substrates in Slavic The Story of ? time ? The Etymology of Finnish aika with an Excursus on aita ? fence ? and Balto-Slavic v-Prothesis Albanian hund? ? nose ? and Faroese SWNorwegian skon Finnish kuono ? snout ? Estonia and the Aestii Baltic Etymology as a Key to Fennic Ethnonyms Word Migration on the Silk Road The Etymology of English Silk and its Congeners English mink Finnish portimo ? ermine ? and Baltic Fur Trade from Antiquity to the Hanse Latin and Slavic Loanwords in Hungarian Exceptions to Helimski ? s Vowel-harmony Adaptation Rules English abstract Dansk resumé Preface The present dissertation is the result of my -year Ph D scholarship ?nanced by the University of Copenhagen as a part of the ?ve-year programme of excellence Roots of Europe ?? Language Culture and Migrations It is dedicated to ?ve people who did not live to see the ?nal product but whose passion for the study of language directly or indirectly continue to exercise in uence on my work First of all my enthusiastic and inspiring teacher head of centre and initial supervisor Jens Elmeg? rd Rasmussen whose warm and welcoming introduction to the Indo-Europeanist circles in I will never forget my good friend fellow etymologist and inexhaustible source of knowledge and inspiration Jan Katlev H E Ambassador Paul George Jyrk? nkallio who taught me about the wonders of Hungarian grammar and passed on his personally dedicated copy of Aulis Joki